The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain（拉力）accumulates（積累）in the rock.
Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震級) 6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region increased dramatically; between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent.
Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault (斷層) each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method.
Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach (侵蝕) upon areas susceptible(易受影響的) to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction.
【小題1】What does the passage mainly talk about?
| A．What an earthquake is like. |
| B．How to predict earthquakes. |
| C．Where earthquakes often happen. |
| D．When a fault is formed. |
| A．do research on the past frequency of large earthquakes |
| B．estimate the magnitude of similar earthquakes |
| C．forecast the possibilities of similar earthquakes |
| D．judge the specific location of future earthquakes |
| A．There were four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979 and1989. |
| B．The accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake. |
| C．About 68 years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region. |
| D．The fast increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake. |
| A．The material of rocks. |
| B．The existing time span of the rocks. |
| C．The plate movements around the rocks. |
| D．The amount of strain released in the last earthquake. |
| A．has a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes |
| B．stores much more information about the history of large earthquakes |
| C．offers the potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulates |
| D．illustrates specifically how rocks along a fault are formed |
【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】B
【小題4】C
【小題5】C
解析試題分析：這篇文章講的是如何預測地震，可以通過特殊地區大型地震來預測，也可以研究某個地方拉力的累積的情況知道地震的可能性。
【小題1】主旨題：從第一段的句子：The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning.可知這篇文章講的是如何預測地震。選B
【小題2】細節題：從第二段的句子：Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks.可知科學家研究大地震是為了預測相似地震的可能性。選 C
【小題3】細節題：從第三段的句子：This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake.可知拉力累積到一定程度會導致地震，選B
【小題4】細節題：從第三段的句子：When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. 可知板塊運動是形成斷層的關鍵因素。選C
【小題5】細節題：從第三段的句子：In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method. 可知San Andreas Fault System對研究在拉力累積的地方形成斷層提供可能。選C 。
考點：考查科普類短文
點評：這篇文章講的是如何預測地震，第一段指主題，第二段可以通過特殊地區大型地震來預測，第三段是研究某個地方拉力的累積的情況知道地震的可能性，結構非常清晰，便于學生找到答案，是這篇文章題型有細節題也有推理題，在答題中，應首先略讀每題的信息，把幾個選項含義理解透，抓住關鍵信息，要求學生在把握文章主旨的基礎上，也要留意細節，對一些長難句的理解要準確。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
From poor beginnings to most expensive player
ZINEDINE Zidane，who dreams of leading France to its second World Cup title in a row next month，has always preferred to express himself with a football rather than with words．
Last Wednesday Zidane scored the decisive goal when Real Madrid of Spain won the Champions League final against Germany's Leverkusen 2一1．
He became one of the world’s most expensive players when he joined Real Madrid from Italy's Juventus for US $ 66 million．And he has been a national hero since he scored twice in the 3-O defeat of Brazil in the 1998 World Cup Final．
But despite his success，Zidane has always kept his feet on the ground．He leads a quite family life，there is hardly any gossip about him and he avoids putting his wife and two children in the spotlight．
“Just because I'm a public figure it doesn't mean I have to express myself on everything．I don't like to discuss some personal matters publicly．”he said．
Even as a child playing football in the slum area of Marseille，France，where he was raised by his Algerian parents，Zidane was shy．
He loved football even as a little kid．“I realized football is a wonderful mixture of a sharp mind and hard training rather than just talking，”he said．
Even when the match awards were just chocolate and bread，Zidane found that football made his poor childhood rich．
Before he was 10 years old，it was obvious that he could become a great footballer．He was offered his first professional contract(合同)when he was just 20．Now，at the age of 29，he has already picked up two World Player of the year awards．
This quiet striker has not yet spoken of his hopes for the coming World Cup．But his fans across the world will be eagerly watching him to see what he'll do this time．
What did Zidane learn from his childhood football experience? He learned that_____________.
A．he could become a great footballer
B．he could become rich if he became a footballer
C．football is a mixture of a sharp mind and hard training but not just talking
D．football is a favorite sport in the future
According to the article，what are Zidane’s main characteristics?
A．He is a shy but successful man．
B．H e loves his wife and children．
C．He doesn't like to speak in public．
D．He is a quiet，down—to earth person of few words．
When the writer says“Zidane has always kept his feet on the ground”,he means_________.
A．Zidane spends more time standing than sitting most days
B．Zidane is a down-to earth person
C．Zidane has spent most of his time training on the pitch
D．Zidane likes standing when he succeeds
The sentence“Zidane found that football made his poor childhood rich”means___________．
A．football made Zidane's poor family wealthy when he was a child
B．Zidane knew that football could bring him fame and wealth even when he was a child
C．football brought happiness to Zidane when he was a child in a poor family
D．Zidane knew that if he wanted to be rich he must play football from childhood
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
America’s greatest technological achievement, the Hoover Dam, now has a companion piece, a bridge held up by the longest arch in the Western Hemisphere（半球）. The Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, which opened this month and connects the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, crosses the vast chasm（峽谷）890 feet above the Colorado River that is controlled by the dam.
The striking 1,900-foot-long structure will improve traffic in the region and help protect the dam from being destroyed. It is the seventh highest bridge in the world, behind four in China, one in Papua New Guinea and one in the US state of Colorado.
“The Hoover Dam is the greatest civil engineering achievement in America’s history,” said the bridge project manager Dave Zanatell. “Our goal was not to outdo or outshine it. Our goal was to, in a respectful way, do something that would be great for our generation and that would stand besides Hoover Dam in a respectful and quality way that would become a part of Hoover’s legacy（遺產）.”
Just as the Hoover Dam was built in the heart of the Great Depression（大蕭條）and was seen as an example of the nation’s can-do spirit, some hope this project can also provide some uplift.
The bridge is surprising: at 1,050 feet, its support arch holds up a roadway that lies on 300-foot-long concrete pillars（柱子）, some of the tallest in the world. It contains 16 million pounds of steel.
The idea of the bridge came into being in the 1960s because the top of the Hoover Dam has been a narrow two-lane road that is the fastest route from Arizona to Las Vegas and then the Pacific Northwest and Canada.
Access to the dam from each direction is a dangerously winding route, but massive trucks and passenger vehicles shared it for decades. During the day, when thousands of tourists travel to the dam from Las Vegas three times as many accidents as on a normal road will happen.
The bridge has a sidewalk on the side facing the dam. The wall on both sides is 54 inches high, so walkers can take photos there.
Which of the following is true of the Hoover Dam?
A. It was completed recently.
B. It was built during the hard times.
C. It has the longest arch.
D. It’s the seventh highest dam in the world.
What is one of the purposes of building the bridge?
A. To protect the dam. B. To save the cultures.
C. To outdo the dam. D. To develop the tourism.
The underlined word “uplift” in Paragraph 4 means _____.
A. lift of the heavy object B. support in money
C. spiritual encouragement D. instruction in technology
Which of the followings shows the right position of the bridge and dam?
The text is mainly about ______.
A. the Hoover Dam
B. American western development
C. a tour along the Colorado River
D. a recently built bridge
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011屆山東省臨沂市高三上學期期中考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
America’s greatest technological achievement, the Hoover Dam, now has a companion piece, a bridge held up by the longest arch in the Western Hemisphere（半球）. The Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, which opened this month and connects the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, crosses the vast chasm（峽谷）890 feet above the Colorado River that is controlled by the dam.
The striking 1,900-foot-long structure will improve traffic in the region and help protect the dam from being destroyed. It is the seventh highest bridge in the world, behind four in China, one in Papua New Guinea and one in the US state of Colorado.
“The Hoover Dam is the greatest civil engineering achievement in America’s history,” said the bridge project manager Dave Zanatell. “Our goal was not to outdo or outshine it. Our goal was to, in a respectful way, do something that would be great for our generation and that would stand besides Hoover Dam in a respectful and quality way that would become a part of Hoover’s legacy（遺產）.”
Just as the Hoover Dam was built in the heart of the Great Depression（大蕭條）and was seen as an example of the nation’s can-do spirit, some hope this project can also provide some uplift.
The bridge is surprising: at 1,050 feet, its support arch holds up a roadway that lies on 300-foot-long concrete pillars（柱子）, some of the tallest in the world. It contains 16 million pounds of steel.
The idea of the bridge came into being in the 1960s because the top of the Hoover Dam has been a narrow two-lane road that is the fastest route from Arizona to Las Vegas and then the Pacific Northwest and Canada.
Access to the dam from each direction is a dangerously winding route, but massive trucks and passenger vehicles shared it for decades. During the day, when thousands of tourists travel to the dam from Las Vegas three times as many accidents as on a normal road will happen.
The bridge has a sidewalk on the side facing the dam. The wall on both sides is 54 inches high, so walkers can take photos there.
【小題1】Which of the following is true of the Hoover Dam?
| A．It was completed recently. |
| B．It was built during the hard times. |
| C．It has the longest arch. |
| D．It’s the seventh highest dam in the world. |
| A．To protect the dam. | B．To save the cultures. |
| C．To outdo the dam. | D．To develop the tourism. |
| A．lift of the heavy object | B．support in money |
| C．spiritual encouragement | D．instruction in technology |
| A．the Hoover Dam |
| B．American western development |
| C．a tour along the Colorado River |
| D．a recently built bridge |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆江蘇省宿遷市高二上學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：其他題
認真閱讀下面短文，并在表格內的空白處填上一個合適的單詞，注意：每空一詞。
The average human experiences a lot of dreams while they sleep at night. But what exactly do they mean? The following explanations deal with four most common dreams and some of the possible meanings behind them, according to experts. Please note that, while certainly interesting, dream analysis is a highly subjective(主觀的) field of study.
Dreams about being chased (追逐)
Dreaming about being chased generally means you may be avoiding a person or something painful, annoying or fearful.
It could be a reminder that trying to avoid the problem could lead to more such dreams. Most people dream about being chased at one point or another. It’s both common and natural.
Dreams about death
According to Jeffrey Sumber, a psychotherapist (精神治療師) and author, dreams about death often indicate “the ending of something, whether that’s a job or a relationship”. He suggests a dream about death can also indicate attempts to remove anxiety or anger. These dreams don’t suggest a person will actually die, he explains.
There are no tricks when it comes to avoiding such dreams. The only way is to do our inner work and make peace with it.
People who have dreams about death tend to be those who are entering an uncertain period in their life. It could be a life-changing event that creates anxiety and fear of the unknown.
Dreams about falling
Dreaming about falling can have a physiological basis, according to Cathleen O’ Connor, Ph. D. As the body goes deep into sleep and the nervous system begins to be quiet, blood pressure and heart rate drop and this change can cause a falling dream.
O’Connor says that dreaming about falling is the mind’s way of warning the dreamer of a situation in his or her waking life where they feel out of control.
“If dreams of falling bring feelings of fear, you should realize that the goal is not to avoid them but rather to work with those dreams in your waking state and deal with the fear so you can regain your balance,” O’ Connor says.
Dreams about celebrities (名人)
“Celebrities carry some kind of message that’s associated with personal achievements or lack,” says Shelley Smith, founding director of the Yoga Health & Therapy Center. “A person dreaming about a celebrity is looking for inspiration … or some characteristic that is associated with that celebrity.
“That’s one of the features of dream images, and they are not under our control,” Smith says. “Your experience while you’re sleeping is coming from a place that’s totally unconscious (無意識的).”
“There is no one group that we can say has this particular dream more than another,” she says, “The image is energetic and specific to what the person’s need is. For example, accomplishment, health, and rising to the top --- whatever is associated with that celebrity.
|
Title |
Four common dreams and why we have them |
|
|
Introduction |
Experts think that dreams may have possible meanings behind them, the analysis of which is1. _______ but subjective. |
|
|
Dreams |
Meanings |
2._______ to deal with such dreams |
|
About being3. _______after |
Maybe you’re trying to4._______someone or something that is painful, annoying or fearful. |
5.______ the problem bravely and realize that such dreams are natural and common. |
|
About being dead |
● You will6.______ what you are experiencing, such as a job or a relationship. ● Your anxiety or fear from a life- changing event will be7._____from your life. |
Do the inner work and make peace with it. |
|
About falling |
● It may result from the8.______ of the nervous system. ● You find something out of control. |
Work with such dreams when you are awake and 9._______ the fear. |
|
About celebrities |
Maybe you are looking for something you want to achieve or 10._______. |
Let them alone, because they come out of unconsciousness. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010-2011學年山東省臨沂市高三上學期期中考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
America’s greatest technological achievement, the Hoover Dam, now has a companion piece, a bridge held up by the longest arch in the Western Hemisphere（半球）. The Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, which opened this month and connects the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, crosses the vast chasm（峽谷）890 feet above the Colorado River that is controlled by the dam.
The striking 1,900-foot-long structure will improve traffic in the region and help protect the dam from being destroyed. It is the seventh highest bridge in the world, behind four in China, one in Papua New Guinea and one in the US state of Colorado.
“The Hoover Dam is the greatest civil engineering achievement in America’s history,” said the bridge project manager Dave Zanatell. “Our goal was not to outdo or outshine it. Our goal was to, in a respectful way, do something that would be great for our generation and that would stand besides Hoover Dam in a respectful and quality way that would become a part of Hoover’s legacy（遺產）.”
Just as the Hoover Dam was built in the heart of the Great Depression（大蕭條）and was seen as an example of the nation’s can-do spirit, some hope this project can also provide some uplift.
The bridge is surprising: at 1,050 feet, its support arch holds up a roadway that lies on 300-foot-long concrete pillars（柱子）, some of the tallest in the world. It contains 16 million pounds of steel.
The idea of the bridge came into being in the 1960s because the top of the Hoover Dam has been a narrow two-lane road that is the fastest route from Arizona to Las Vegas and then the Pacific Northwest and Canada.
Access to the dam from each direction is a dangerously winding route, but massive trucks and passenger vehicles shared it for decades. During the day, when thousands of tourists travel to the dam from Las Vegas three times as many accidents as on a normal road will happen.
The bridge has a sidewalk on the side facing the dam. The wall on both sides is 54 inches high, so walkers can take photos there.
1.Which of the following is true of the Hoover Dam?
A. It was completed recently.
B. It was built during the hard times.
C. It has the longest arch.
D. It’s the seventh highest dam in the world.
2.What is one of the purposes of building the bridge?
A. To protect the dam. B. To save the cultures.
C. To outdo the dam. D. To develop the tourism.
3.The underlined word “uplift” in Paragraph 4 means _____.
A. lift of the heavy object B. support in money
C. spiritual encouragement D. instruction in technology
4.Which of the followings shows the right position of the bridge and dam?
5.The text is mainly about ______.
A. the Hoover Dam
B. American western development
C. a tour along the Colorado River
D. a recently built bridge
查看答案和解析>>
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