As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夾). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互記憶)"
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access(獲取) it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
1.The passage begins with two questions to ______.
A. introduce the main topic
B. show the author's altitude
C. describe how to use the Interne.
D. explain how to store information
2.What can we learn about the first experiment?
A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.
B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C. The first group did not try to remember the formation.
D. The second group did not understand the information.
3.In transactive memory, people ______.
A. keep the information in mind
B. change the quantity of information
C. remember how to find the information
D. organize information like a computer
4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?
A. We are becoming more intelligent.
B. We are using memory differently.
C. We have poorer memories than before.
D. We need a better way to get information.
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活力試卷系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學年山東滕州第二中學新校高三上學期期末考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Chimpanzees，long considered reluctant to share，apparently can display selfless tendencies，revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans，scientists find． These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans．
Previously，a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago．In recent years，however，research has revealed just how much chimpanzees have in common with us．They can hunt with spears，play with dolls and mourn their partners'death.
“Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others，often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies，”De Waal told Live Science．“Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all.”
In addition to using complex food-delivery systems，past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others．In these new，simplified experiments，two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other．Then，one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens （幣） from a bin，one of which represented a pro-social （親社會的） option，the other a selfish option．The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper．The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.
In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs，the scientists found all the apes showed a definite preference for the pro-social option．“For me，the most important finding is that like us，chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others，”researcher Victoria Horner，said.
The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves．They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss，begging persistently or spitting water at them．This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.
1.The word“ altruism” （paragraph 1） is closest in meaning to ______.
A． selfishness
B． selflessness
C． willingness
D． reluctance
2.Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.
A． show that chimps are only good at using implements
B． see whether chimps are willing to share food with others
C． find out if chimps are likely to reward partners
D． test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skills
3.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A． Evolution History of Altruism in Humans
B． Similarities between Chimps and Mankind
C． Chimps Do Show Selfless Behavior
D． Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學年陜西西安曲江第一中學高三上學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空
完形填空
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出適合填入對應空白處的最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
While attending a conference, I returned to my hotel room late one evening. The overhead light outside my door was burned out and I had ________ finding the keyhole. When I ________ to open the door, I ________ around the wall for a light switch. I found a plate where a switch was ________ installed... but no switch!
Not discouraged easily, I remembered ________ a lamp by the bed when I laid my luggage ________ in the day. I found the bed in the ________ and then the lamp, but when I switched it on, nothing ________ ! I thought that perhaps if I opened the curtains I might be able to use whatever light comes in from the ____________ to find another lamp. So I ________ my way slowly across the room to the curtains and... no drawstring! I finally stumbled（跌跌撞撞地走）around ________ I found a desk lamp which actually________ !
That evening I discovered in a whole new way just how dark the world _____________ be and how necessary light is! But even more necessary than ________ light is the light that shines from people — the light of ________ and faith. Because, for many people, the world is a dark and ________ place. For someone today just may be stumbling in discouragement or sadness or fear and in ________ of some light. So let your light shine. Whatever light you ________ may be a beacon of hope and encouragement. And if you feel that your light is ________ a candle in a forest remember — there isn’t enough darkness in all the world to ________ the light of one small candle.
1.A. confidence B. respect C. admiration D. difficulty
2.A. managed B. failed C. wished D. meant
3.A. touched B. felt C. sensed D. looked
4.A. already B. never C. still D. once
5.A. equipping B. producing C. spotting D. removing
6.A. later B. earlier C. lower D. upper
7.A. light B. dark C. room D. corner
8.A. happened B. operated C. fired D. developed
9.A. machine B. street C. room D. car
10.A. wound B. forced C. made D. lost
11.A. after B. until C. while D. since
12.A. helped B. affected C. worked D. inspired
13.A. can B. shall C. will D. must
14.A. mental B. psychological C. electrical D. physical
15.A. existence B. love C. truth D. wisdom
16.A. lonely B. colourful C. friendly D. complex
17.A. short B. favour C. face D. need
18.A. make B. offer C. take D. contribute
19.A. not more than B. other than C. no more than D. rather than
20.A. put out B. give out C. get over D. set up
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學年浙江杭州七校高一上學期期中英語試卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
--- I’m afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.
---_______.
A. Don’t be afraid B. Be careful
C. Forget it D. Take your time
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆山東德州高三上學期期末統考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：書面表達
假如你是李華，請就本校食堂服務（canteen service）的狀況給校長寫一封信。內容包括：優點、不足；建議食堂干凈，價格偏高，盡快解決問題飯菜可口，種類偏少，服務態度好，等候時間較長，詞數：100左右；開頭和結尾已為你寫好。
Dear Mr.Principal.
I am a senior student of our school. I’dlike to say something about the canteen service in our school.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆山東淄博淄川第一中學高三上學期期末英語試卷（解析版） 題型：七選五
根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（注意：如果選E，請涂AB；選F，涂AC；選G，涂AD）
There’s no doubt that when it comes to friendship，you want positive people in your life and not negatives ones． 1.
Support when you need it·
With positive friends，you don’t need to beg for help when you need it because chances are they will be there for you without asking． 2.
Health benefits of being positive．
The more positive friends you have，the better you will be at remaining optimistic yourself． 3. For example，it helps people to deal with stress and illness better．Health benefits may include lower rates of depression，a greater ability to throw off colds，and a reduced risk of developing disease．
Bring out the best in you．
4. This means 
trying new things，achieving goals，and having the kind of life you dreamed of for yourself．With positive people in your life，you’11 feel more comfortable sharing your goals because your friends will give you the emotional push you need to go after what you want in life．
Attracting More Positive Friends
You naturally attract the kinds of friends who are most like you．So if you’re a downer，you’11 probably find that negative people flock to you． 5. The more you are able to maintain a positive attitude，the more likeminded people you’11 attract in return．
A．Here are some benefits of spending time with positive friends．
B．That’s why you’d better surround yourself with positive friends．
C． In most cases，they will go out of their way to help you when you’re in trouble．
D． The same is true for being positive．
E．As we all know，there are many benefits of being optimistic．
F．Your positive friends will inspire you to be the best you can be．
G．Most of the time，you have to ask them to help you when in troub
le．
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆遼寧錦州中學高三上學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：短文改錯
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同學寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。
Recently, the Ministry of Education has issued a requirement which students should be given labor education while at the school, which arouses a heated debate.
As for students, opinion are divided. Some students think that it will be great benefit for their health, enabled them to be well developed. On the other hand, some students hold the view that this kind of education will take up our time, which will be spent studying otherwise. But it will have a negative effect on their grades.
It was true that students are given little chance of laboring nowadays, thus lacking the sense of labor. So as far as I am concerned, students definite should receive labor education so that they will value more that labor brings about.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學年黑龍江牡丹江一中高一上期中英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空
完形填空
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I ________ a note. Often written on a napkin (餐巾), it might be a thank-you for a ________ moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of ________ for the coming test or sporting event.
In early grade school they ________ their notes. But as children grow older they become self-conscious (有自我意識的), and ________ he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer ________ my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to ________ them but I still needed to write them, I ________ until the day he graduated.
Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move ________ for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, ________ two internship (實習) in Washington, D.C., and ________ , becoming a technical worker in Sacramento. ________ short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was________ happy to have Marc back. Since I was ________ making lunch for his younger brother, I ________ one for Marc, too. Imagine my ________ when I got a call from my 24-yere-old son, ________ his lunch.
“Did I do something ________ ? Don’t you love me ________ , Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I ________ asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?”
1.A. carried B. found C. held D. included
2.A. difficult B. comfortable C. special D. separate
3.A. encouragement B. congratulation C. improvement D. explanation
4.A. answered B. loved C. wrote D. examined
5.A. lately B. by the time C. by the way D. gradually
6.A. enjoyed B. received C. understood D. collected
7.A. copy B. take C. read D. send
8.A. held up B. continued C. gave up D. followed
9.A. out B. to college C. to Sacramento D. home
10.A. completing B. organizing C. planning D. comparing
11.A. hopefully B. particularly C. certainly D. finally
12.A. Because of B. Except for C. Instead of D. As for
13.A. immediately B. equally C. especially D. generally
14.A. once B. still C. again D. even
15.A. fetched B. packed C. bought D. filled
16.A. fear B. anger C. surprise D. disappointment
17.A. waiting for B. worrying about C. asking about D. caring for
18.A. funny B. strange C. smart D. wrong
19.A. any more B. enough C. once more D. better
20.A. laughingly B. interestingly C. bitterly D. politely
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學年山西臨汾第一中學高一12月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
(Q = Question; A = Answer)
Situation I
Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?
A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren’t the first person he’s met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.
Situation II
Q: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?
A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you don’t have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.
Situation III
Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?
A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(動作) and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.
Situation IV
Q: If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?
A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”
Situation V
Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respond to it?
A: Don’t lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond(回復) to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you don’t respond.
1.How will you quiet someone down in a public place?
A. By talking to him directly.
B. By pointing angrily at him.
C. By looking purposefully at him.
D. By making fun of him continuously.
2.The underlined word “belated” in Situation IV probably means ________.
A. delayed B. returned C. predicted D. regretted
3.You will get annoyed in a theater when ________.
A. a person is too rude to you
B. a person sits too close to you
C. a person is too active
D. a person talks too loudly
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Different ways to change others’ manners.
B. Good manners to talk to people.
C. Proper manners to offer help to others.
D. Modern ways to mind your manners.
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