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A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 36 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 37   on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   38   for truth. He always 39    ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of    40    science may perhaps be considered to    41   as far back as the    42    of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who live    43    the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle    44    to suggest that we must learn science    45    observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself    46   many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642), was the greatest of several great men,     47    in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by    48    to show how many important    49    could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more    50    towards the earth than small ones,     51    Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the    52     of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two  53    stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s    54    of going direct to Nature, and proving our    55    and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.

小題1:

A．use

B．time

C．speed

D．trust

小題2:

A．worked

B．based

C．lived

D．written

小題3:

A．reason

B．cause

C．advice

D．result

小題4:

A．thinks

B．checks

C．has

D．learn

小題5:

A．natural

B．physical

C．ancient

D．modern

小題6:

A．date

B．keep

C．look

D．take

小題7:

A．study

B．time

C．year

D．birth

小題8:

A．both

B．each

C．between

D．among

小題9:

A．Schools

B．Ages

C．Days

D．Count

小題10:

A．in

B．with

C．on

D．by

小題11:

A．did

B．made

C．took

D．gave

小題12:

A．who

B．when

C．that

D．where

小題13:

A．ways

B．degrees

C．levels

D．chance

小題14:

A．truths

B．problems

C．people

D．subjects

小題15:

A．slowly

B．rapidly

C．lightly

D．heavily

小題16:

A．although

B．because

C．when

D．If

小題17:

A．place

B．foot

C．top

D．ceiling

小題18:

A．big

B．small

C．equal

D．unequal

小題19:

A．spirit

B．skill

C．theory

D．discovery

小題20:

A．plans

B．opinions

C．world

D．ability

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:B
小題5:D
小題6:A
小題7:B
小題8:C
小題9:B
小題10:B
小題11:B
小題12:A
小題13:B
小題14:A
小題15:B
小題16:B
小題17:C
小題18:D
小題19:A
小題20:B

試題分析：本文主要以某些科學家他們的做法為例來說明觀察和實驗在科學發現中的重要性，科學真理必須以事實為根據，必須通過實踐來檢驗。
小題1:考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. use 使用；B.time時間；C.speed速度；D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用；make full use of 充分利用。根據A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他觀察到的任何事實，故選A。
小題2:考查動詞及語境的理解。A. worked 工作；B.based基礎；C.lived 居住；D.written寫。be based on/upon 以……為基礎；基于…….根據He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事實為依據（be based on/upon）的觀點，故選B。
小題3:考查名詞及語境的理解。A. reason原因；B.cause原因；C.advice建議；D.result結果。reason 能夠對一個事物的發生或它的性質作出解釋的東西；它與for連用；cause 是導致一個事物發生的條件或原因。它與 of連用.根據句子意思，是指“不能接受某種權威來說明真理的合法性”，應用reason。故選A。
小題4:考查動詞及語境的理解。A. thinks認為；B.checks 檢查；C.has 有；D.learn學會。check. v. 證明無誤, 核對無誤。意思最恰當。他總是要檢查一下這個觀點并且做很多實驗來證明它，故選B。
小題5:考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. natural 自然的；B.physical 物理的；C.ancient古代的；D.modern現代的。根據最后一句話中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“現代科學”，此處選modern意思最恰當。故選D。
小題6:考查動詞及語境的理解。 A. date日期；date back 詞組，意為“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持；C.look 看；D.take拿。現代科學的時代最遠能追溯到（date back）培根時代，故選A。
小題7:考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. study 學習；B.time n. 這里指“時代，年代”。C. year 年；D.birth出生。現代科學的時代最遠能追溯到（date back）培根時代（time），故選B。
小題8:考查代詞及語境的理解。A. both 兩者都；B.each每個；C.between與and連用，表示“在……和……之間”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期間，故選C。
小題9:考查名詞及語境的理解。A. Schools學校； B.Ages，The Middle Ages n.中世紀；中古時代，專有名詞。C.Days天；D.Count計數；他可能是中古時代（he Middle Ages）的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學科學，故選B。
小題10:考查介詞及語境的理解。by + doing 表示“通過做……（的途徑）”，慣用法；with + sth 表示“用……（來做……）”。他可能是中古時代的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學科學，故選B。
小題11:考查動詞及語境的理解。make, do 與名詞有固定搭配關系：do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…；make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…這里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的發現，故選B。
小題12:考查連詞及語境的理解。 A. who引導定語從句修飾 great men ； B.when在定語從句中只能作狀語；C.that 不能引導非限制性定語從句； D.where在定語從句中只能作狀語；根據句意故選 A。
小題13:考查名詞及語境的理解。A. ways 方法；B.degrees， by degrees 詞組，相當于副詞，意為：逐漸地。C.levels 水平；D.chance機會。伽利略逐漸地顯示出通過觀察而得到的事實是多么地重要，故選B。
小題14:考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. truths 事實；B.problems問題；C. people人們； D. subjects學科。根據上文意思，He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts應為：truths. 事實, 真理, 原理，故選A。
小題15:考查副詞及語境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地；B.rapidly迅速地； C.lightly輕輕地； D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快，迅速地。意思最恰當。根據常識在伽利略以前有學問的科學家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快，故選B。
小題16:考查連詞及語境的理解。A. although 盡管；B.because因為； C.when當……時候； D.If如果。根據句子意思，應為because conj. 因為在伽利略以前有學問的科學家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快，因為亞里士多德是這樣說的，故選 B。
小題17:考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. place地方；B. foot腳； C. top頂部；D. ceiling天花板。根據常識但是伽利略走到比薩的斜塔的頂部，拿著兩個不等重量的石頭，要證明亞里士多德是錯誤的，故選C。
小題18:考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. big大的；B. small小的； C. equal相等的；D.unequal不等的。根據上文Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必須拿著不同大小的球做實驗來證明，故選D。
小題19:考查名詞及語境的理解。A. spirit精神；B. skill 技術； C. theory 理論；D. discovery發現。spirit of going direct to Nature對自然不斷探索的精神。 science spirit 科學精神；world spirit時代精神, 世界潮流。根據上文可知伽利略對自然不斷探索的精神，故選A。
小題20:考查名詞及語境的理解。A. plans計劃； B. opinions 意為“觀點”，“通過實驗證明我們的觀點和理論”。 C. world世界； D. ability 能力。通過實驗來證明我們的觀點和理論，從而導致了現代科學的出現，故選B。

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The past week was possibly the most eventful in the history of customer technology markets,or to be precise, the 7-inch (17.8-cm) tablet (平板電腦)market. Never before have three of thebiggest players in the industry scheduled what could be truly historic productlaunches (上市）so close together.
Despite its name, the 7.9-inch iPad Mini is one of the largest among the mini-tablets. It's gotall the aesthetics of its earlier 9.7-inch iPad and is unbelievably thin-just 7.2 mm, 23 percentthinner than the iPad.
Apple's iPad Mini
Release date: Nov 2,2012 (Wi-Fi version)
Operating system: iOS 6
Size: 19.9 x 13.5 x 0.7 cm
Prices: $329 (16GB Wi-Fi), $429 (32GB Wi-Fi), $519 (64GB Wi-Fi), or $459 (16GB Data)
$559 (32GB Data), $659 (64GB Data)
Google may have been forced to cancel its Android event in New York City on Oct 29 due to the threat of hurricane Sandy, but that isn't stopping it from making same big announcements. For starters, Google has confirmed (證實）that the Nexus 10 will be running Android 4.2 out of the box, so get excited. It will also come equipped with a 10-inch display running at an impressive 2560x1600 resolution. On the inside, it'll have a A15 dual-core (雙核）processor running alongside 2GB of RAM(內存)，so expect the Nexus 10 to be a speedy little tablet. Google's Nexus 10 Release date: Nov 13，2012 Operating system: Android 4.2 Jelly Bean Size: 26.4 x 17.8x0.9 cm Prices: $399 (16GB), $449 (32GB)
Microsoft's Surface is a bold product with some great touches. It doesn't feature a camera and focuses on Office software, which suggests Microsoft is focusing this product on an executive toy. There's no 3G connection (only Wi-Fi) so owners won't have to worry about an extra contract.
The real delight, however, is Metro, the impressive navigation interface (導航界面).It is beautifully designed with brightly colored squares for navigation. Pre-orders for Surface in the US sold out over the weekend, so it would seem customers are excited.
Microsoft's Surface
Release date: Oct 26,2012
Operating system: Windows 8 RT
Size: 27.5 x 17.2 x 0.9 cm
Prices: $499 (32GB M-Fi)
小題1:What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A．The three biggest companies made a new product together.

B．A technology has been introduced to tablet industry.

C．The three companies launched their new products nearly at the same time.

D．The tablet market, in October was out of control.

小題2:What is the 7.9-inch iPad Mini's major contribution to the customers?

A．Wi-Fi version	B．Operating system
C．Prices	D．Size

小題3:How many technologies will be introduced to the Nexus 10 according to Google?

A．6

B．5

C．4

D．3

小題4:Which tablet with 32GB Wi-Fi is the most expensive?

A．Microsoft's Surface.	B．Apple's iPad Mini.
C．Google's Nexus 10.	D．A15 dual-core processor.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People diet to look more attractive．Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result．That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists．
　　The research team have discovered that subordinate(低一等的) fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors．"In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female，had breeding（繁殖）rights within the group，" explains Marian Wong．"All other group members are nonbreeding females，each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor．We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation．"
　　The reason for the size difference was easy to see．Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group．More often than not，the evicted fish is then eaten up．
　　It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish．Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear．The research team decided to do an experiment．They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened．To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast．
　　The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group．Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small．
　　While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious，Dr．Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understand how hierarchical（等級的）societies remain stable．
　　The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans．"As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，" the researchers comment．"Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal．"
小題1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it _________．

A．leaves the group itself	B．has breeding rights
C．eats its competitor	D．faces danger

小題2:The underlined words "the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _________．

A．the fish beaten up	B．the fish driven away
C．the fish found out	D．the fish fattened up

小題3:The experiment showed that the smaller fish _________．

A．fought over a feast	B．preferred some extra food
C．challenged the boss fish	D．went on diet willingly

小題4:What is the text mainly about?

A．Fish dieting and human dieting．	B．Dieting and health．
C．Human dieting．	D．Fish dieting．

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