Question

What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (腦震蕩) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外傷的) brain injury”, like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
【小題1】The passage is most probably a______.

A．news report	B．research report
C．story for soccer players	D．text for doctors

【小題2】In which way can we find the structural changes in the brain?

A．Computerized test.	B．Questionnaire..
C．Scanning.	D．M.R.I. technique.

【小題3】From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have_____.

A．significant effect on brain	B．little effect on one’s brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injury	D．one’s memory improved

【小題4】The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to______.

A．remembering	B．misunderstanding
C．recalling	D．missing

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：本文是一篇關于頂足球對青少年大腦的影響的科普文章，作者簡要描述了一些研究數據分析結果，得出結論，一年頂球超過1100次以上會對大腦結構有影響。
【小題1】考查推理判斷能力。要根據文章第一段的最后一句話和第二段來分析理解。故選B。
【小題2】考查細節理解能力。根據文章第三段和其他內容的理解。故選D。
【小題3】考查推理判斷能力。根據全文內容的簡單推理。所以答案為A。
【小題4】考查猜測詞義的能力。根據文章最后一段本句出現的關鍵詞forgetting和句義內容等整體把握。因此選D。
考點：科普類短文閱讀理解
點評：要想答好題目，重在理解全文意思。這篇文章比較難，先看問題，再帶著問題讀短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文內容，總結全文中心，然后再回到問題上來，很容易選出正確答案。多了解一些常識性知識有利于閱讀理解。如果對文章的相關背景有所了解，讀起文章一定既省時又省力。因此，在學習過程中，了解各方面的背景知識是十分重要的。