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　　Possession and use of firearms are far more limited, and regulation far more stringent (嚴厲的) in major industrial societies other than in the United States, according to an informal survey (調查) by Washington Post correspondents. (通訊記者)

　　In Germany, a person seeking to purchase (購買) a weapon not only must prove a specific need, but also must prove experience or training in the use of firearms and take a special examination in the presence of a police officer and a civilian who already is licensed. (許可)

　　In Japan, with a population of 115 million, there were only 171 crimes involving the use of a gun committed in 1979. Even in Britain, whose society is fraught (充滿……的) with much of the racial friction (摩擦), economic dislocation (混亂) and youth violence, crimes occur with strikingly less frequency than in America. London, with a population of 7 million, had 179 homicides last year compared to 1,557 in Los Angeles and 1,733 in New York.

　　With attention in the United States focusing once again on the vexing (煩擾) issues of use and regulation of firearms following recent, widely publicized killings involving handguns, comparisons inevitably are being drawn to other industrialized, urban societies. The comparisons show a tradition abroad that varies markedly from that of the United States, one that accepts strict governmental control over possession of guns of all sorts. The laws are national in scope, strictly enforced and generally considered effective, although experts admit that illegal use of guns has been on the increase in countries such as Italy and Britain.

　　In contrast to the United States, where limited federal regulations governing sales of firearms are supplemented (補充) by a crazy quilt of state laws, most other major industrial societies have uniform laws. This reflects general legal traditions in much of the rest of the world, but one other significant difference is that officials are assiduous (勤勉的) in carrying out the laws and prosecuting (起訴) offenders. (罪犯)

1．In Germany, a person cannot buy a gun if ________.

[　　]

A．he has a specific need for it

B．he has got a training in the use of gun

C．he can't find a person who is already licensed to present his examination for using gun

D．a policeman appeared when he takes his examination

2．According to the author, the main reason that the United States has a high killing rate is that ________.

[　　]

A．the United States has a large population

B．the United States is not an industrialized, urban country

C．the American society is full of racial problems

D．there are no effective laws to limit the possession and use of guns

3．Comparing to the laws in Germany and Britain, the laws in the United States are ________.

[　　]

A．more severe

B．more complete

C．in a better uniform

D．ineffective

4．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[　　]

A．There are fewer crimes in Japan because it has small population

B．Other industrial society has very different legal traditions from the United States.

C．The officials in the United States are not competent, nor strict, when dealing with the criminals.

D．Some recent killings involving guns alarmed the American society.

5．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

[　　]

A．To make a comparison of the American legal traditions with those of the other industrial countries.

B．To get general statistics of killings in the United States.

C．To criticize the irresponsibility of the American officials.

D．To call for more stringent laws of limit the possession and use of firearms and more compete officials to carry them out.

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個選項中選出最佳答案．

　　Henry Kissinger may be the most successful Secretary of State (國務卿) to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 1960s, there were no American ties with Communist China．Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to draw the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as the “enemy”.

　　But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused much of the change. In1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that was the beginning of the present ties between the United States and China．He brought the United States and Russia closer together on major subjects by the policy he called “detente” literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russian-American friction (摩擦). In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U. S. relation with Egypt. He used this contact later to begin the sort of talks the American press called “shuttle diplomacy (穿梭外交)”. For ninety-nine days, he “shuttled” back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step by step withdrawal (撤離) of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wisdom, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle diplomacy” work. It was the only successful approach to Mid-East peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded.

　　 Another major work was the Strategies (戰略的) Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft (草案) of the treaty to which the Russians had already agreed．The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a great success by any standard, even if one does not consider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.

    Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissinger's final days in office were affected, as was the entire government's branch in one way or another, by the scandals (丑聞) of the Nixon White House. Kissinger's critics (批評者們) point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed” approach to setting foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of the American domestic (國內的) problems on its foreign policy. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union. History will decide in the final view, as Kissinger (and many presidents) often said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise of foolish, he had a personal vision that will be difficult to march.

(1)The main idea of the above passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．Kissinger helped smooth away the troubles of Watergate

B．Kissinger has great effect on American foreign policy

C．peace in the Middle-East would have been impossible without Kissinger

D．Kissinger helped end the cold war with Russia

(2)Kissinger's effort on the SALT treaty was most important because ________.

[　　]

A．it spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms

B．the Russians had already agreed to it

C．it set a standard for nuclear missile (導彈) development

D．it helped stop the third world war

(3)We can conclude from the passage that ________.

[　　]

A．“shuttle diplomacy” greatly affected the SALT treaty

B．Watergate made Kissinger ineffective

C．some of the things that Kissinger began are still being worked out

D．Kissinger was not a humanitarian (人道主義者)

(4)Which of the following words best shows the author's tone in this passage?

[　　]

(5)The passage suggests that ________.

[　　]

A．Kissinger was driven by his own idea

B．Kissinger was unsuccessful in bringing about peace in the Middle East

C．Kissinger significantly changed the direction of international relationships

D．Kissinger was more important than the president during the Nixon Times