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2009年高中英語(yǔ)條件句表達(dá)的六種熱點(diǎn)考查方式

條件句的表達(dá)形式有：

1. if如果 

You should call 119 if there's a fire.

If you think that treating a woman well means always getting her permission for things, think again. (06湖南)  

2. unless如果不,除非(多數(shù)情況下與if...not用法相同,兩者都引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,但unless比if ... not的語(yǔ)氣要強(qiáng)｡

例如：

You will be late ,      you leave immediately.

A. unless   B. until   C. if      D. or

答案A｡句意： 除非你立即走,否則你會(huì)遲到的｡該句可轉(zhuǎn)化為If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late. B､D項(xiàng)填入后句意不對(duì),or表轉(zhuǎn)折,若用or則句子應(yīng)為： Leave immediately or you will be late. 再如： 

He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. = He is sure to come if he hasn’t any urgent business.

注意： 當(dāng)unless引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),unless后面的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可省略｡

Unless (he is) in uniform, he doesn’t look like a policeman.除非他穿著制服,否則他看起來(lái)不像警察｡

He will not come unless (he is) invited.除非被邀請(qǐng),否則他是不會(huì)來(lái)的｡

但在下列情況下要斟酌替換使用： 

1) 當(dāng)從句是虛擬形式時(shí),只用if ... not,不用unless引導(dǎo)｡例如：

The flowers would have died if you had not watered diligently.

2) 當(dāng)主句為疑問(wèn)句時(shí),不用unless,而用if ... not｡例如：

What shall we do if he doesn’t reply to our letter?

3) 當(dāng)unless引導(dǎo)的從句帶有否定詞時(shí),不能用if ... not代替｡例如：

I’ll go unless no one else goes.

3. as long as只要 

As long as there is life there is hope. 有生命就有希望｡(留得青山在,不怕沒(méi)柴燒｡)

I’ll accept any job as / so long as I don’t have to get up early.只要不必早起,任何工作我都可以接受｡ 

4. once作連詞表示“一旦,只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句｡

Once you understand the rules of the game, you will enjoy it.一旦你了解了游戲的規(guī)則,你就會(huì)喜歡它｡

Once he is free, he will play computer games. 只要他有空,他就玩電腦游戲｡

例如：_______environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) to recover.

A. Even if                B. If only

C. While                  D. Once

解析： 答案為D｡even if“即使”,if only “要是……就好了”,while“雖然”, once“一旦”｡句意為“一旦環(huán)境遭到破壞,就要花很多年才能恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”,故D正確｡once作連詞表示“一旦,只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句｡再如： 

5. 祈使句或名詞短語(yǔ) + 含有一般將來(lái)時(shí)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的陳述句

例如：Dress warmly,     you’ll catch cold.

［A］ on the contrary ［B］ or rather            ［C］ or else              ［D］ in no way

［分析］ 本題考查固定句型：“祈使句+or (else) /and you will...”。其中，祈使句相當(dāng)于if或unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，并列連詞后面的句子多用將來(lái)時(shí)表示結(jié)果。連詞or (else)（也可以用otherwise）意為“否則”，后面的句子是轉(zhuǎn)折的結(jié)果；連詞and意為“那么，如此一來(lái)”，后面的句子是順承的結(jié)果。如：Wait a minute and I’ll tell you all about it.（再等一會(huì)兒我就會(huì)告訴你事情的全部。）Come on, or you will miss the chance.（加油，否則你將失去這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。）本題中前后分句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)選［C］or else。 

其他選項(xiàng)都是固定短語(yǔ)，但是表示的邏輯關(guān)系均不符合句意。on the contrary意為“（與此）相反”，如：I thought the movie would have been terrible; on the contrary it is very interesting.（我原以為這部電影會(huì)很糟糕，結(jié)果相反，它很有意思。）or rather意為“更確切地說(shuō)”，如：I am 1 year older than you, or rather 1 year and 2 months.（我比你大一歲，更確切地說(shuō)大一歲零兩個(gè)月。）in no way意為“決不”，放在句首時(shí)，引起句子倒裝，如：In no way can we allow this to continue.（我們決不允許它再繼續(xù)下去。）

［句意］ 穿暖和一些，不然你會(huì)感冒的。 

6. provided意為“如果，倘若，只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 

You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting     you don’t mind taking the night train.

［A］ provided           ［B］ unless        ［C］ though              ［D］ until

［分析］ provided意為“如果，倘若，只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于if，如：The boss will pay the bonus provided（that）the job is completed on time.（如果工作按時(shí)完成的話老板將發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金。）unless相當(dāng)于if …not，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果……不……，非…… 不可，除非”，由于它是具有否定意義的連接詞，因此所引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)一般是肯定形式，如：Unless the rain stops，I shall not go out for a walk.（倘若雨不停，我就不出去散步了。）though意為“雖然，盡管；可是，然而”，引導(dǎo)讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折從句，如：Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me.（盡管她沒(méi)有示意，我還是確信她看見(jiàn)了我。）Your suggestion is feasible, though it may be rather costly.（你的建議是可行的，但也許要付出不少代價(jià)。）until常和not搭配，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“直到……才”，如：He did not leave the house until his father returned.（他直到父親回來(lái)才離開(kāi)房子。）根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選［A］provided。

［句意］ 假如你不介意乘夜班車的話，你就可以早點(diǎn)兒到達(dá)北京開(kāi)會(huì)