科目 英語
年級(jí) 高三
文件 high3 unit4.doc
標(biāo)題 Feed the World
章節(jié) 第四單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高三英語第四單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
本單元提出的是一個(gè)全世界都關(guān)注的問題：《全世界人的吃飯問題》。14-15兩課是說明文。作者揭示了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：世界人口不斷增加，而耕地面積日益減少，世界每年要有十分之一的人中因饑餓而死亡。作者還指出了造成耕地面積減少的原因，并提出了改變這一現(xiàn)象的建議。
建議教師可選擇有關(guān)錄像片幫助學(xué)生深刻認(rèn)識(shí)：保護(hù)耕地和控制人口過快增長的重要性；用問答和討論的方法完成本單元的知識(shí)和能力目標(biāo)。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
本單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)：
A)單詞和詞組：
*regret:
v. be sorry for the loss of; wish to have again; feel sorry for懊悔；抱歉；遺憾。后接不定式與-ing意思不同。接不定式意為“遺憾要去做……”
；接-ing已為“已做……而后悔”。
We deeply regretted his death.
I regret to say that I can’t help you. (比I am sorry to say that…較為正式的表達(dá))
He regrets that he was rude to her.
他后悔對(duì)她不禮貌。
She regretted not having told you about it earlier.
她后悔沒有早點(diǎn)告訴你這件事。
n. feeling of sadness at the loss of sth. or disappointment because sth. has or has not been done.懊悔；抱歉；遺憾。
I feel regret at her absence.
她沒來，我感到很可惜。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
聽到你的計(jì)劃沒有成功，我們感到遺憾。
I waste no time in useless regret.
*provide: v.to supply; to prepare for提供；供給、裝備；
搭配為：provide sb. sth.; provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.
We can provide ourselves.
我們現(xiàn)在可以自給自足了。
The mother provided them some thick clothes.
母親為他們準(zhǔn)備了一些厚衣服。
We must provide food for the trip.
我們必須準(zhǔn)備旅途中的食品。
The Red Cross provides food and clothes for the sufferers.
紅十字會(huì)向難民提供食品和衣服。
*increase: v.[in’kris] to become greater in size, number, value etc.增加；繁殖。
The population of this town has increased to 2000,000.
城鎮(zhèn)的人中去年增加了二十萬。
The population of this town increased by 10 percent last year.
這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的人口去年增加到二十萬。
There has been a big increase in road accidents.
近來交通事故有所增加。
注意：increase的n.名詞讀音與動(dòng)詞不同[‘ inkris]，它的反義詞為decrease v.減少；縮減。
*now and again; occasionally; at times; now and then時(shí)而
On my way home from school, I called on Granny Li now and again.
在放學(xué)回家的路上，我時(shí)而去看望李奶奶。
*help oneself to… serve oneself with food(drink) etc. 衣隨便吃（喝）
Please help yourself to some fish. It is fresh.
魚很新鮮，請(qǐng)隨便嘗嘗。
*day by day; as time goes by 逐日；一天一天地
Day by day she learnt more about her work.
她日益了解了自己的工作。
*look forward to(doing) sth. 欣然期待（去做）謀事。
The little girl was looking forward to seeing her uncle from America.
那個(gè)小姑娘正盼望著見到從美國來的叔叔。
*be suitable for; be right for a purpose適宜的；適當(dāng)?shù)模磺‘?dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
Do you think this present is suitable for a little boy?
你認(rèn)為這個(gè)禮物對(duì)于孩子合適嗎？
*be in debt: owe a lot of money 欠債
The old man was in heavily debt in order to buy seeds.
那位老人為了買種子身負(fù)重債。
*make sense: have an understandable meaning有意義；有道理；講得通；
be sensible是明智的；是合情合理的。
What you say makes no sense.
你說的話沒有道理。
It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
這件便宜的大衣也很好，何必也買那件貴的。
*earn one’s living: get money by working謀生； 掙錢生活
I start to earn my own living this very afternoon.
從今天下午開始，我自己掙錢養(yǎng)活自己了。
*for one thing: (used to introduce a reason for sth.用以引出謀事的理由 )一來
I’m afraid that I won’t be able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian. For one thing, I have no money and another I’m too busy.
恐怕我不能和你一起去大連度周末了，一來我沒有錢，二來我太忙。
以上單詞和詞組可通過聽對(duì)話錄音，教師介紹過程中呈現(xiàn)，然后用問答討論課文內(nèi)容等方式再現(xiàn)以上單詞和詞組加深理解詞義，掌握用法，緊后用句型轉(zhuǎn)換或補(bǔ)全名子等方法鞏固，開發(fā)運(yùn)用。
B)本單元應(yīng)掌握的重點(diǎn)文法知識(shí)：名詞性從句
名詞從句包括主語、表語、賓語和同位語從句。從總體上要注意兩點(diǎn)：
連接主句與從句的連詞有副詞why, how, where, when, whether, if,它們?cè)趶木渲谐洚?dāng)狀語成份，個(gè)有不同的詞意，因此不能省略。代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, 它們?cè)趶木渲谐洚?dāng)主語、定語、賓語，個(gè)有不同的詞意，因此也不能省略。在聯(lián)系中取舍哪一個(gè)詞，本著缺什么成份，把它補(bǔ)齊，使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上與含意上完整就可以了。不同的連詞，名子的意思也不同。例如：
Why/How/Where/When/Whether/Of what material the new house will be built hasn’t been decided yet.
為什么/怎樣/在什么地方/什么時(shí)候/是否/用什么材料建這座房子還沒有定下來。
【學(xué)法指要】
本單元語法難點(diǎn)：
1.掌握that在名詞性從句中的用法。that在賓語從句中，不充當(dāng)成份，也無詞意，因此它可以省去；在主語、表語和同位語從句中，that雖然不充當(dāng)成份，也無詞意，但不能省略。
Today’s newspaper reports(that) sales of beef in China will increase.（賓語從句）
今天的報(bào)紙報(bào)道說，中國的牛肉銷售量將會(huì)增加。
That land ownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.（主語從句）
在一些國家里，土地所有制的不公平是顯而易見的。
The reason is that is has been raining for five days.（表語從句）
原因是已經(jīng)下了五天的雨。
The reason that it has been raining for five days is why the crops has been flooded.
連續(xù)下了五天的雨，所以莊稼都泡在水里了。（同位語從句）
2.注意賓語從句中主句與從句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。
賓語從句中主句與從句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)有三種情況：
A)主語謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在和將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。
Tom says that his sister is(was, will be) a doctor.
B)主句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞則根據(jù)語境用過去時(shí)間的各種時(shí)態(tài)。這規(guī)律意也適用于主語、表語和同位語從句。
He thought the boy was honest.
I told him his brother was coming(would come).
We didn’t know whether they had finished their work.
注意：當(dāng)從句說的內(nèi)容是一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The mother told her little daughter that the earth goes round the sum.
He told me that the train for Beijing leaves at 10:30.
Somebody told me that you are a teacher.
3.否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect時(shí)，從句的否定要前移。
I don’t think she is right.
【妙文賞析】
Many centuries ago, all people had gathered seeds and plants to eat. They did not know how to farm or raise animals for food. Because they used stone tools and weapons, we call them the Stone Age people. There are people who still live much like these Stone Age people lived. They live in places that are hard to reach. Because they have met few outsiders, they do not know about modern inventions. They have not traded ways of doing things with others. For 25,000 years, groups of people have lived alone in the middle of Australia. One of the groups is the Aruba tatribe. They do not know how to farm, nor do they raise animals. The Artuntas spend most of their time searching for food and water. The men hunt animals with stone---tipped spears. The women and children look for roots, seeds and nuts. Several Artunta families live together. They have no houses. At night, they sleep around fires.
【思維體操】
閱讀下列廣告，回答1-5問題。
WUHAN PLUMBING(水管) & HEATING
Since 1992
Plumbing and Heating Installation(安裝)
LARGE OR SMALL
Free
ESTIMATE(估計(jì))
24 Hours 7 Days Service
Payment Open
8267896
261 Dong Fang Road
Wuchang
1.What is written above is _______.
A. a notice B. an address
C. an advertisement D. a poster
2.What service is offered free by Wuhan P.& H.?
A. Installation B. Quality of houses
C. Estimates of costs D. Large or small repairs
3.For which of the following problems would one call Wuhan P.& H.?
A. A leak(漏) in the roof.
B. Gas leak in the refrigerator.
C. Something wrong with wall plugs.
D. A broken bathroom pipe leaking water all over the floor.
4.The person who calls Wuhan P.& H. may discuss _____.
A. A duties B. experience C. cost D. salary
5.Wuhan is in _____ Province.
A. Hubei B. Hebei C. Hunan D. Henan
答案：CCDCA
【心中有數(shù)】
本單元的語法重點(diǎn)是名詞性從句，而名詞性從句的考查在高考試卷單項(xiàng)選擇一題中一般情況下占20%，即在20個(gè)小題中有一個(gè)小題。如：
1.─I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
─Is that _____ you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where (NMET99)
2.─It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. what; what D. that; what (上海99)
答案：1.A；2.A
分析：
句1：從題干和所給的4個(gè)選擇中不難看出本題考查的是表語從句。“I drove to Zhuhai for the air show.”提出一個(gè)事實(shí)，而第二句表明“I”不在的原因。故答案為A.why。
句2：該句考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句和主語從句。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句中的主語，而該句的主語又是一個(gè)從句。從這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中可以看出第二個(gè)空和“It was”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該是that；第一個(gè)空和“he said”構(gòu)成主語從句；在這個(gè)從句中“said”一詞后缺少賓語，故答案為A.what;that。
【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】
同步訓(xùn)練
I.單詞拼寫：
1.A country is not likely to develop without industry and a____.
2.Zhou Enlai will always be remembered as a great p_____.
3.The dish is not salty. Do you mind pouring some s____ on it?
4.Greatly to my r_____ , I am unable to accept your kind invitation.
5.His death means a great l____ to science.
6.It is not _____(合適) to grow cash crops here.
7.We don’t care what _____(材料) they really want.
8.The problem was how they could ______(償還) so much.
9.They had to _____(承認(rèn)) what they had done was wrong.
10.Who has won the first place will not be _____(公布) until the game is over.
II.單項(xiàng)選擇
A)同步訓(xùn)練
11.I can not help _____ of my childhood _____ I see the wound in my leg.
A. think, when B. thinking, whenever
C. to think, when D. thought, no matter when
12.At the party we _____ to some ice cream.
A. helped B. to help C. helping D. were helped
13.______ the orders or you will be punished.
A. Have B. Receive C. Obey D. Place
14.─Is this machine _____ order or _____ good order?
─It works very well
A. in; in B. out of; in
C. in; out of D. out of; out of
15.We are all looking _____ the day when our country will be highly developed.
A. at B. for C. up D. forward to
16.The city was almost destroyed completely by an earth quake many years ago.
A. damaged slightly B. torn C. ruined D. broken
17.The expedition _____ no loss of life and returned to their base on time.
A. made B. got C. gained D. suffered
18.If you want a plant to ____, you had better _____ it in the garden.
A. plant; plant B. grow; plant
C. plant; grow D. be grown; grow
19.Last year farmers could not have their wheat crops _____ because of the bad weather.
A. increasing B. decreased
C. increased D. decreasing
20.It didn’t take her long to work ____ that she would soon have no money left.
A. at B. on C. for D. out
B)語法訓(xùn)練
21.It is _____ that the experiment should be made under low temperature.
A. said B. reported C. told D. suggested
22.______ man first made use of electricity is not exactly known.
A. When B. Whether C. That D. What
23.______ this material will be used in the product has not been decided yet.
A. If B. That C. What D. Whether
24.______ we are saying is more than ______ we will do.
A. That; that B. What; what
C. As; as D. Whatever; that
25.Our doubt is _____ he can do the experiment alone.
A. that B. if C. whether D.what
26.The reason ______ he didn’t come to our party was _____ he took a missing boy back home on his way here.
A. why; because B. why; that
C. that; why D. that; that
27.Do you have no idea ______?
A. how fast light travels B. how fast does light travel
C. how soon light travels D. how rapid light travels
28.Do you have no doubt _____ he will succeed in finding a new job?
A. if B. whether C. that D. whether or not
29.I kept looking at the man, wondering _______.
A. whether had I had seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen before
30.The teacher told the children that man _____ any life on the moon.
A. didn’t find B. could not find
C. doesn’t find D. hasn’t been able to find
III.完型填空
In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very 31 ;there was not enough 32 for the population. Farmers had to move 33 the hills, but they 34 rice there. They needed plant which didn’t need 35 water as rice. 36 they were able to grow the new corn.
Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be 37 in many different ways. People in the West often boil in 38 over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn 39 powder. The powder is then 40 water and other things, and made inot different kinds of food.
31.A. crowd
B. crowded
C. crowds
D. a crowd
32.A. rooms
B. places
C. room
D. place
33.A. into
B. in
C. to
D. on
34.A. hadn’t grown
B. didn’t grow
C. can’t raise
D. couldn’t grow
35.A. as many
B. as much
C. as much as
D. much as
36.A. Luckily
B. Unluckily
C. Fortunate
D. Unfortunately
37.A. cooking
B. to cook
C. prepared
D. done
38.A. all
B. whole
C. completely
D. each
39.A. makes into
B. be made to
C. be made from
D. is made into
40.A. mixed with
B. mixed to
C. mixing
D. to mix
IV.短文改錯(cuò)
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, while others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.______
42.______
43.______
44.______
45.______
46.______
47.______
48.______
49.______
50.______
【創(chuàng)新園地】
語言功能 從下列各題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
1.─My daughter has passed the exam.
─Congratulations! She’s really intelligent.
─_______
A. No, no, she is intelligent.
B. Oh, thank you!
C. Sometimes she is intelligent.
D. You are right.
2.─You forgot to feed the cat again!
─________
A. I can’t remember.
B. I don’t mind feeding her again.
C. I’ll do it now.
D. Yes, I did. What about you!
3.─Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding!
─________
A. Let me see.
B. Don’t worry.
C. Be careful
D. Let me have a look
4.─What’s happened to my library book?
─________
A. I’ve no idea.
B. You borrowed them from the library.
C. You bought them yesterday.
D. They’re about long life.
5.─Where is Tom this morning?
─He’s got a cold.
─________
A. Just tell him to take it easy.
B. What’s the matter with him?
C. He’s absent.
D. What? Where is he?
答案：
1.agriculture; 2.politician; 3.sauce; 4.regret; 5.loss
6.suitable; 7.materials; 8.repay; 9.admit; 10.announced
11-15BDCBD 16-20CDCCD 21-25BADBC 26-30BACBD
31-35BCADB 36-40ACBDA
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with
air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, when others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.things
42.if
43.and
44.Ö
45.their
46.too
47.why
48.so
49.of
50.while
【創(chuàng)新園地答案】
1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A; 5.A
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