Question

We’ve heard about radiation from the damaged nuclear reactors in Japan reaching American shores. Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day. Where and how? NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.

MONTAGNE: How many things emit radiation?

Dr CARACAPPA: Well, radiation and radioactive material is a part of nature. So everything that’s living has some amount of radiation coming from it—a very small amout. Plus there’s radiation in the ground and the air.

So the extremes are uranium in the soil to bananas?

Yes.

By the way, why do bananas have radiation?

Bananas have a lot of potassium(鉀). And a small amount of potassium naturally is called potassium 40, which is radioactive

What’s the difference between radiation that’s harmful and not harmful?

Well, the term radiation can apply to a lot of different things. But the harmful radiation is ionizing(離子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material. We could get ionizing radiation from an X-ray, for example. It’s the kind of radiation that causes cancer.

The broader definition of radiation includes a lot of things that we call non-ionizing radiation. That includes everything like radio waves and visible light and your microwave.

So what then is the largest contributor of ionizing radiation?

For the natural sources of ionizing radiation, actually the biggest chunk of that tends to come from radon(氡), which is a radioactive material that is present in the air. It can become a concern when it builds up in low-lying areas of homes like basements.

Would it be fair to say that most people do not need to worry about the danger of being exposed to radiation?

I would say that the everyday exposure to radioation that we meet contributes an extremely tiny risk to our life or to our health compared to all of the other risks that we meet in our day-to-day life.

1.We can infer from the first paragraph that radiation is______.

A．rare

B．powerful

C．dangerous

D．common

2.The passage may be _______.

A．an interview

B．an argument

C．a talk show program

D．a science report

3.Whether radiation is harmful or not depends on______.

A．whether it has a small amount of potassium

B．whether it changes chemical in materials.

C．whether it has energy to change materials

D．whether it is visible in life

4.The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.

A．advise on how to protect us from radiation

B．analyze what causes radiation in daily life

C．warn people of the danger of radiation

D．expect people not to fear everyday radiation

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.D          

【解析】

試題分析：文章通過一次采訪報道介紹了放射性的輻射是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，人們沒有必要過于擔心。

1.D 推理題。根據第一段第二行Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day.說明在我們的生活中放射性是很常見的事情，故D正確。

2.A 推理題。根據第一段最后兩行NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.說明Montagne在采訪一名核方面的教授，故這是一次采訪活動，A正確。

3.B 推理題。根據倒數第六段But the harmful radiation is ionizing(離子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material.說明當這樣的離子有足夠的能量產生化學反應的時候，就對人體有害了，故B正確。

4.D 主旨大意題。根據文章的主題段第一段可知在日常生活中放射性隨處可見，是一種很普遍的現(xiàn)象，人們沒有必要過去擔心。故D正確。

考點：考查科普類短文閱讀

點評：科普類短文是考生感覺難度較大的短文，因為文章中的生詞較多，理解起來有一定的難度，在閱讀時要培養(yǎng)猜測詞義的能力和推理能力。