Question

Over the years, Americans have become used to salt．Most people have no idea how much salt they consume-on average, about 9 to 12 gram per person per day, according to the American Heart Association．That's twice the amount recommended by the government．
A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart．The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes（中風）, four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease．
Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women．As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist（流行病學家）at the University of California, San Francisco．Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%．A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%．
They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt．
However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people．
Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure．But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes．
“Salt has other biological effects． Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results． There is not enough evidence either way,”said Michael Alderman．
【小題1】Eating too much salt may lead to the following EXCEPT           ．

A．stroke

B．heart disease

C．high blood pressure

D．lung cancer

【小題2】What can we learn from the passage?

A．Most Americans take more salt than advised．

B．African women eat more salt than Americans．

C．One's origin determines how much salt he can eat．

D．Good health is just on the basis of having less salt．

【小題3】The author's attitude toward the study is         ．

A．cold

B．objective

C．subjective

D．doubtful

【小題4】What's the best title of the passage?

A．The Benefits of Eating Less Salt．

B．A New Study on Salt and Diseases．

C．An Argument Over Salt and Health．

D．The Harm Caused by Too Much Salt．

Answer 1

【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】C

解析試題分析：本文論述了美國人的攝鹽量的多少與健康之間的關系，作者在本文客觀的敘述了兩種不同的觀點，一是攝鹽量太多可能給人們的健康帶來一些問題，引起中風及心臟病等，所以有些人就提倡少吃鹽。而另一觀點認為如果攝鹽量控制的太低，人們容易得血壓低，他們說研究并沒有表明少吃鹽能夠降低心臟病和中風的機率。
【小題1】細節理解題。根據The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes（中風）, four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease．故選D。
【小題2】細節理解題。根據That's twice the amount recommended by the government．大多數美國人的攝鹽量多于政府建議的量, 故選A。
【小題3】觀點態度題。cold 冷談的； objective客觀的； subjective 主觀的； doubtful懷疑的。根據全文的內容作者只是客觀地介紹了美國人吃鹽的相關信息，故選B。
【小題4】標題歸納題。根據全文的內容本文主要介紹了鹽與健康的關系的兩種不同的觀點，故選C。
考點：健康保健類短文閱讀。
點評：態度題是英語閱讀中的一種重要題型，主要考查對文章中作者態度的辨別。作者態度大致分為兩種：(1)支持或贊同;(2)中立或客觀;(3)懷疑、批評或反對。題干中有attitude或think,believe，deem，consider，regard等詞匯，選項中是一些表示態度的名詞或形容詞。可以反映作者觀點的動詞、形容詞等。不要把自己的態度揉入其中，還要注意區分考查是作者的態度還是作者引用別人的態度。當作者的態度沒有明確提出時，要學會根據作者在文章中所運用的具有褒貶含義的語言去判斷作者的態度，如，wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。