New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, 1 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the 2 age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and 3 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 4 for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will 5 survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining.
The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazon’s future.
Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.
“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human 15 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16 .”
“With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we 18 that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive 19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.”
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【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】C
【小題5】B
【小題6】B
【小題7】A
【小題8】D
【小題9】C
【小題10】B
【小題11】A
【小題12】A
【小題13】B
【小題14】D
【小題15】B
【小題16】A
【小題17】C
【小題18】B
【小題19】D
【小題20】A
解析試題分析：本文的主要內(nèi)容是，氣候變暖不會使亞馬遜古代樹種滅絕。
【小題1】C。publish為發(fā)表之意，其他意思不符合。
【小題2】B。一些樹種并未隨氣溫的升高而滅絕，因此超高的樹齡令人驚訝。
【小題3】D。該空所表明的事實是以前面的樹齡為依據(jù)的，所以是“因此”的意思。
【小題4】C。2100是將來的時間，預測符合意思。
【小題5】B。亞馬遜的樹曾經(jīng)在高溫氣候中生存下來，所以將來也很有可能升高的氣候。
【小題6】B。Although引導讓步狀語。
【小題7】A。氣溫的升高。
【小題8】D。recommend此處是建議的意思，后面的should表明這一層意思。
【小題9】C。防止采伐森林是保護政策的中心。
【小題10】B。先前的觀點認為樹種滅絕是對相對小幅氣溫升高的反應。
【小題11】A。最新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
【小題12】A。過度采伐威脅亞馬遜的未來。
【小題13】B。耐高溫之意。
【小題14】D。農(nóng)業(yè)和礦業(yè)，A、B與agriculture同一范疇，C毫不相干；最后一段有提示。
【小題15】B。沒有人類影響，物種移動更為自由。
【小題16】A。今天的氣溫升高速度遠遠快于以前，因此難以與過去相對比。
【小題17】C。更為清楚的了解亞馬遜森林面臨的風險。
【小題18】B。得出的結論。
【小題19】D。積極的行動和措施。
【小題20】A. 保護，使…安全。
考點：教育類短文完形填空
點評：答題前一定要略讀全文，把握文章要表達的主題，注意前后句與句，段落與段落之間的關系。答題中，一定要認真分析，注意選項與上下文的關系，與前后單詞的關系。對于一時沒有太大的把握的題可以放到最后再來完成，因為有時答案可以從下文內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)出來。答完后再通讀一遍文章，看看所選選項能不能是語句通順，語意連貫。
閱讀快車系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
At age 61, identical twins Jeanne and Susan no longer look exactly alike. Susan smoked for many years and is an admitted sun worshipper, whose habits Jeanne does not share. A new study of twins suggests you can blame those coarse(粗糙的)wrinkles, brown or pink spots on too much time in the sun, smoking, and being overweight.
Because twins share genes, but may have different exposures to environmental factors， studying twins allows an “opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility(易受影響性),” Dr. Elma D. Baron, at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, and his colleagues explain in the latest issue of Archives of Dermatology.
Their analysis of environmental skin-damaging factors in 65 pairs of twins hints that skin aging is related more to environment and lifestyle than genetic factors.
But when it comes to skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that both environment and genes affect skin cancer risk.
Baron’s team examined facial skin of 130 twins, 18 to 77 years old, who lived mostly in the northem Midwest and Eastern regions of the US, who were attending the Twins Days Festival in Ohio in August 2002. At this time, each of the twins also separately reported how their skin burned or tanned(曬黑)without sunscreen, their weight, and their history of skin cancer, smoking, and alcohol drinking. The study group consisted of 52 fraternal(異卵雙生)and 10 identical twin pairs, plus 3 pairs who were unsure of their twin status.
From these data, the researchers noted strong ties, outside of twin status, between smoking, older age, and being overweight, and having facial skin with evidence of environmental damage. By contrast, sunscreen use and drinking alcohol appeared related to less skin damage.
Baron and his colleagues say the current findings, which highlight ties between facial aging and potentially avoidable environmental factors—such as smoking, being overweight, and unprotected overexposure to the sun’s damaging rays—may help motivate people to minimize these risky behaviors.
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Jeanne and Susan share all the habits including smoking.
B．Skin aging is related more to environment and lifestyle than genetic factors.
C．Only identical twins can take part in the research.
D．Sunscreen use cannot help people have less skin damage.
Why did Baron’s team do the research on twins?
A．Twins are more likely to suffer from skin cancer.
B．It may guarantee the research is not influenced by genetic factors.
C．It gives others an opportunity to control twins’ genes.
D．It helps find twins are exposed to different environments.
What can you infer from the last paragraph?
A．This research makes people aware of dangerous lifestyles.
B．The environmental factors are unavoidable.
C．Being exposed to the sun is absolutely damaging.
D．There is little relationship between skin aging and environment.
The passage is mainly concerned with .
A．skin cancer and environment
B．identical twins research
C．a(chǎn)ging skin and environmental factors
D．genes and lifestyles
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
British scientists have done something that，many people thought，was impossible: they created the first clone of an adult mammal（哺乳動物）．The clone，named Dolly，is a seven-month-old sheep，grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.
What is a clone? A clone is a copy—a genetic copy. Genes are the instructions for life. They tell a cell what to do and how to do it. Genes make each individual plant or animal different and unique. But a clone has the same genes as the original organism(生物體）．
Cloning is not new. Plants have been cloned for centuries. New plants are often grown from cutting from another plant. Also，plants like pineapples，strawberries and carnations(康乃馨）are sometimes cloned. One benefit of cloning is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants.
It has been much more difficult to clone animals. Frogs have been cloned，but they died as tadpoles，never living long enough to become adult frogs，which made the scientists despondent. Mice，sheep and cattle have been cloned from embryos. But Dolly is the first healthy clone of an adult mammal. How did they do it?
（1）An unfertilized egg was taken from a sheep.
（2）The egg nucleus(細胞核）was removed.
（3)A cell was taken from the udder(乳房）of a pregnant(懷孕的）sheep. It was“starved”，so that it stopped growing.
（4）The two cells were combined into one，and then implanted in a third sheep，where it grew normally.
（5）The clone was born. It was genetically identical to the pregnant sheep.
This sounds much easier than it actually was. To end up with one clone，the scientists started with 277 udder cells. And they needed in a way to make the egg cell accept a new nucleus. They did that by starving the cell.
It may soon be possible to clone many types of animals. Will we also be able to clone human organs，or even whole human beings? We have only begun to think about the morality of cloning technology. Maybe the question to ask is not whether we can clone humans，but instead，should we clone humans?
59. What can replace the underlined word“despondent” in the fourth paragraph?
A. calmed down B. set down
C. cut down D. cast down
60. Dolly is a sheep________because she is grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.
A. that has no father B. that has no mother
C. that has no parents D. that has no tail
61. According to the passage we can know that__________．
A. only plants can be cloned
B. only strawberries and carnations can sometimes be cloned
C. animals and plants have quite a long history of cloning
D. genes can tell a cell what to do and how to do it during cloning
62. From the fourth paragraph we can know that__________．
A. a tadpole is the early stage of a grown-up frog
B. a tadpole is a frog without a tail
C. a tadpole is a kind of animal
D. a tadpole is a clone of an adult mammal
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇省揚州市高三下學期5月考前適應性考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, 1 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the 2 age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and 3 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 4 for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will 5 survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining.
The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazon’s future.
Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.
“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human 15 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16 .”
“With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we 18 that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive 19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.”
1. A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．described C．published D．presented
2. A．frightening B．surprising C．exciting D．interesting
3. A．still B．nevertheless C．however D．therefore
4. A．a(chǎn)ssess B．confirm C．forecast D．promise
5. A．particularly B．probably C．merely D．possibly
6. A．Since B．Although C．When D．If
7. A．rise B．change C．drop D．end
8. A．consider B．decide C．guarantee D．recommend
9. A．based B．built C．focused D．made
10. A．in relation to B．in response to C．in reply to D．in reference to
11. A．findings B．thoughts C．inventions D．writings
12. A．threats B．disadvantages C．embarrassments D．instructions
13. A．a(chǎn)ccept B．tolerate C．permit D．Require
14. A．farming B．planting C．catering D．mining
15. A．power B．influence C．desire D．violence
16. A．difficult B．clear C．easy D．important
17. A．belief B．direction C．understanding D．suggestion
18. A．doubt B．conclude C．calculate D．prefer
19. A．thought B．guidance C．protection D．a(chǎn)ction
20. A．secure B．a(chǎn)dvance C．sacrifice D．evaluate
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：完形填空
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