Question

 

A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (個(gè)性) and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we’d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (細(xì)節(jié)). “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人為促成的) memory through leading questions --- Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌輸) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it’s for the patient’s benefit.

Loftus says there’s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up --- parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that’s more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

一個(gè)人的飲食習(xí)慣的能改變？一個(gè)善意的謊言是怎樣做到的？

1.Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

   A. To improve her computer program.

   B. To find out their attitudes towards food.

   C. To find out details she can make use of.

   D. To predict what food they’ll like in the future.

2.What did Loftus find out from her research?

   A. People believe what the computer tells them.

   B. People can be led to believe in something false.

   C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

   D. People are not always aware of their personalities.

3.According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _______.

   A. learn it is harmful for health

   B. lie to themselves that they don’t want it

   C. are willing to let doctors control their minds

   D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it

4.What is the biggest concern with the method?

   A. Whether it is moral.            B. Who it is best for.

   C. When it is effective.            D. How it should be used.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

【解析】目的是掌握一些自愿者們飲食的細(xì)節(jié)。

【考點(diǎn)】推理判斷。

2.B

【解析】由第一段最后一句By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.

可知答案。

【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題

3.D

【解析】41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.很多人被進(jìn)行暗示之后，都會(huì)相信某種食物會(huì)使他們難受而從此不再吃它。

【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題

4.A

【解析】由最后一節(jié)可知。

【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題

【備考建議】閱讀理解體裁變化多樣，題材各不相同。一般有說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文、記敘文和議論文，每年的考卷都包含了這四類(lèi)體裁，其中說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文居主要地位。題材具有較強(qiáng)的時(shí)代感，更具有現(xiàn)代氣息。因此要想得高分，就要盡量把握命題特點(diǎn)，提高閱讀效率。