Question

Way back in 1662，John Evelyn，a brilliant Englishman known for his detailed diaries，wrote about disastrous effects of coal-burning on the city of London .In it,he described an infernal scene of smog．air filled with “Columns and Clouds of Smoke’’given out by small industries and residences that burned coal for fuel．
I found the description in the 2003 book When Smoke Ran like Water，by epidemiologist(流行病學家)and environmental advocator(倡導者)Devra Davis．In it,Davis looks back at several historic pollution events and their disastrous effect on human human health-and at how these phenomena were often Ignored or even actively covered up by then people in charge at that time.
As Davis points out，John Evelyn was ahead of his time when writing about how London’s polluted air affected  the well-being of its residents．It wasn’t  until nearly 300 years later,after what became well-known as the Great Smog of 1952，that the government began to address the problem in a systematic way．
For four days．Between December 5^th“and 9^th“，due to all accident of the weather pattern，the city was buried in a heavy fog .People were still burning coal for fuel，and low-grade coal at that time， because 0f wartime condition．A temperature inversion(轉向)trapped the smoke from the city’s fires， creating a black cloud in which people could barely find their way down the most familiar streets
Some tried to protect themselves，but most people simply went about their business. But l952’s fog was far worse than any other in memory．In the same week of the previous year, 1852 people had died in London；inl952，that number was 4703 And the deaths didn’t stop when the weather changed and the fog lifted．Davis and her colleagues analyzed data from the next several months and found that about 13000 more people died between December and March than one would have predicted from historical averages Many of them died of pneumonia(肺炎)．The government，she writes．Tried to blame a bad flu season．Her detailed analysis found that explanation simply did
not pan out．
Davis writes that even today in this country ,we still have not completely absorbed the lessons of similar events．Sixty years the killer fog lifted in London，people are dying preventable deaths and suffering life．changing illnesses，simply because they must breathe the air of the cities where they live
小題1:The passage is written to     

A．warn people of the danger from air pollution

B．introduce London’s Great Smog of l952

C．blame the government for the smog

D．explain the reasons for air pollution

小題2:The underlined word‘‘infernal” in the first paragraph probably means“    ”

A．imaginary

B．adventurous

C．unbelievable

D．annoying

小題3:One of the reasons for the Great Smog of l952wasthat——

A．people burned wood for fuel

B．a forest fire created a black cloud over the city

C．the government ignored the smog

D．most people went abouttheirbusine00

小題4:How does the writer feel about the present air condition in London?
A. lndifferent   B Concerned    C．Hopeless．D. Panic

Answer 1

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B

試題分析：霧霾天氣越來越嚴重的今天，在過去就已經出現了。早在上世紀就有學者指出工業化帶來的空氣污染的危害并著書說明。然而不幸的事還是發生了，最有代表性的就是1852年的倫敦毒煙霧事件。事實已經表明，治理空氣污染已經刻不容緩。
小題1:主旨大意題。 全文講了空氣污染對人們生活健康的危害，并有事實事例和學者觀點加以證明，所以是在警告我們空氣污染的危害性。故選A。
小題2:詞義猜測題 。結合上下文可知書中描述了一個充滿煙霧的世界，然人覺得如地獄般。imaginary虛構的；adventurous 愛冒險的； unbelievable難以置信的；annoying惱人的，討厭的。故選D。
小題3:細節理解題。由 “The government，she writes．Tried to blame a bad flu season．Her detailed analysis found that explanation simply did not pan out．”可知，政府講責任推卸給糟糕的流感季節而沒有深入研究原因導致了事件的一再延續。故選C。
小題4:細節理解題。由“Sixty years  the killer fog lifted in London，people are dying preventable deaths and suffering life．”可知，作者對于倫敦的空氣質量現狀是“關心的”indifferent 漠不關心的； Concerned 關切的；Hopeless充滿希望的；Panic疼痛的 。故選B。