Question

Research at the University of Liverpool, UK, has found that Shakespeare’s language stimulates positive brain activity.

Shakespeare uses a linguistic（語言的）technique known as functional change that involves, for example, using a noun to serve as a verb．Researchers found that this technique allows the brain to understand what a word means before it understands the function of the word within a sentence．This process causes a sudden peak in brain activity and forces the brain to work backwards in order to fully understand what Shakespeare is trying to say.

Professor Philip Davis, from the university’s School of English, said: “The brain reacts to reading a phrase such as ‘he godded me’ from the tragedy of Coriolanus, in a similar way to putting a jigsaw puzzle（拼圖玩具）together．If it is easy to see which pieces fit together you become bored of the game．But if the pieces don’t appear to fit, when we know they should, the brain becomes excited．By throwing irregular words into seemingly normal sentences, Shakespeare surprises the brain in a manner that produces a sudden burst of activity — a sense of drama created out of the simplest of things.”

Experts believe that this heightened brain activity may be one of the reasons why Shakespeare’s plays have such a dramatic impact on their readers.

Professor Neil Roberts, from the university’s Magnetic Resonance and Image Analysis Research Center, and Professor Davis, together with Dr Guillaune Thierry, from the University of Wales, UK, monitored 20 participants using an electroencephalogram (EEG) as they read selected lines from Shakespeare’s plays.

“The brain signal is relatively stable when we understand the meaning of a word but when the word changes the grammar of the whole sentence, brain readings suddenly peak．The brain is then forced to retrace its thinking process in order to understand what it is supposed to make of this unusual word,” explains Professor Roberts.

1.The research conducted by the professors has showed that ___________.

A．Shakespeare uses functional change to mislead readers

B．Shakespeare’s language excites positive brain activity.

C．Shakespeare’s plays have a dramatic effect on their readers.

D．Shakespeare’s language makes the brain signal relatively stable

2.Which of the following words can replace the underlined pronoun “it” in the 2nd paragraph?

A．technique       B．word        C．brain       C．sentence

3.In the 3rd paragraph, the example of a jigsaw puzzle is used here to state___________.

A．the function of Shakespeare’s linguistic technique

B．a sense of drama created by playing the game

C．the Shakespeare’s thinking process

D．the brain’s reaction to reading a book

4.Based on the research, Shakespeare’s plays have a great effect on their reader lies in_______.

A．language used in plays

B．characters showed in works

C．brain activity increased in reading

D．thinking process when writing

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文介紹了莎士比亞的文學作品能夠讓個讀者的思維活動變得更加活躍，促進了大腦活動的功能，給讀者留下很深印象。

1.B 細節題。根據文章第一段Research at the University of Liverpool, UK, has found that Shakespeare’s language stimulates positive brain activity.說明莎士比亞的文學作品能刺激人的大腦活動。故B正確。

2.C 推理題。根據本句Researchers found that this technique allows the brain to understand what a word means before it understands the function of the word within a sentence可知這里的It就是指前半句的the brain。故C正確。

3.A 推理題。根據第三段最后3行By throwing irregular words into seemingly normal sentences, Shakespeare surprises the brain in a manner that produces a sudden burst of activity — a sense of drama created out of the simplest of things.”可知舉這個例子就是為了說明莎士比亞文學作品的功能，故A正確。

4.C 細節題。根據文章最后一段“The brain signal is relatively stable when we understand the meaning of a word but when the word changes the grammar of the whole sentence, brain readings suddenly peak．The brain is then forced to retrace its thinking process in order to understand what it is supposed to make of this unusual word,” explains Professor Roberts.說明在閱讀莎士比亞作品的時候，人的思維在不斷地得到鍛煉，故C項正確。

考點：考查調查報告類短文閱讀

點評：本文介紹了莎士比亞的文學作品能夠讓個讀者的思維活動變得更加活躍，促進了大腦活動的功能，給讀者留下很深印象。要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導思想都是以文字信息為依據，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據的推理，也不能根據表面文字信息做多步推理，要根據原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案。