More than four decades ago British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab. Since that ground-breaking moment, more than four million babies have been born through IVF and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine.
The prize for Dr. Edwards, who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008, includes a £900,000 check. The Nobel Assembly described IVF as a “milestone in modern medicine”.
With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, the Manchester-born physiologist developed IVF — leading to the birth of the world’s first test tube baby. Dr. Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility treatment and given hope to millions of couples.
It was a scientific breakthrough that transformed the lives of millions of couples. They said: “His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes human unable to have a baby. This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.”
Louise Brown, the world’s first test tube baby, made international headlines when she was born in Oldham, Gtr Manchester, in 1978 to parents Lesley and John who had been fruitlessly trying for a baby since 1969.
Ivf-in-vitro fertilization is the process whereby egg cells are fertilized outside the body before being implanted in the womb. After a cycle of IVF, the probability of a couple with infertility problems having a baby is one in five—the same as healthy couples who conceive naturally.
Professor Edwards, who has five daughters and 11 grandchildren, began his research at Cambridge University in 1963, after receiving his PhD in 1955. He once said: “The most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child.” With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, Prof. Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridge shire, which now treats more than 900 women a year. Each year, more than 30,000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11,000 babies are born as a result of the treatment.
But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was “unethical and immoral”.
Martin Johnson, professor of reproductive sciences at the University of Cambridge, said the award was “long overdue”. He said: “We couldn’t understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted — this is the cherry on the cake for him.”
Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was “thrilled and delighted”.
1.What is Robert Edwards’ contribution to science?
A. Enabling millions of couples to live a better life.
B. Helping couples with infertility to have tube babies.
C. Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing
D. Challenging a disease which stops human having a baby.
2.Why did Professor Edwards begin his research on tube baby?
A. Because a special child did make a difference to an ordinary family.
B. Because the birthrate around the world was unexpectedly low then.
C. Because he thought it of great significance to have a child in life.
D. Because his fellow scientist wanted to give hope to the unlucky couples.
3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 8 and Paragraph 9 that ________.
A. Professor Edwards deserved the prize for his breakthrough
B. different opinions were voiced on Professor Edwards’ finding
C. some people envied Professor Edwards for his being awarded
D. the prize was late because the finding was first considered immoral
4.What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Life Stories of Robert Edwards
B. Preparations for Having a Baby
C. Nobel Prize for IVF Expert Edwards
D. Treatment of Infertility in a Lab
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孟建平錯題本系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學年安徽蚌埠二中高一上期中考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Chris's parents were proud of him when he graduated from college. But it's been six months and he hasn't gotten a(n) yet. In fact, he hasn't looked for it . He has no idea what he wants to do and he's always thinking of his old grad school(校友).
He's at home with his parents and their relationship are getting tense, especially with his father, who Chris for being lazy and afraid to the real world.
Chris thinks his dad is being totally , after all, he's only young once and he needs some "space". During a recent , Chris said, "I'm not you, Dad. I have my own way of doing things. I want a job I ." His dad replied, "That's a nice , but in the end they call it "work" because it's about making a productive living—not having fun."
There are many youngsters like Chris who are having trouble getting with a serious job and becoming self-reliant. Some, like Peter Pan, just don't want to grow up. Some are afraid of a wrong decision or of being rejected. Others are of what psychologists call "magical thinking." They believe that when the time is right, everything will fall into place, so they good chance to come knocking or until they feel encouraged to take their next step.
Unfortunately, it doesn't that way. What's important is to begin. Things happen and opportunities most often when we're moving, not standing . The ability to keep developing or being more is very important. Basic physics says it's easier to the course of a moving object than to start movement at the beginning. In the end, it's not really about finding yourself, it's about making yourself.
The first steps are the _ , but the key to success in anything is getting started.
1.A. reward B. job C. education D. advice
2.A. seriously B. constantly C. publicly D. naturally
3.A. studying B. sharing C. living D. communicating
4.A. admires B. warns C. reminds D. blames
5.A. face B. enter C. create D. seek
6.A. uncomfortable B. unforgettable C. unreasonable D. unfashionable
7.A. report B. conflict C. year D. development
8.A. enjoy B. lack C. need D. offer
9.A. time B. attitude C. plan D. idea
10.A. relaxed B. started C. confused D. annoyed
11.A. drawing B. judging C. making D. following
12.A. victims B. partners C. volunteers D. assistants
13.A. seek for B. turn to C. wait for D. benefit from
14.A. matter B. continue C. work D. help
15.A. remain B. lose C. prove D. appear
16.A. alone B. still C. up D. outside
17.A. cautious B. successful C. anxious D. considerate
18.A. follow B. complete C. design D. change
19.A. but B. and C. so D. then
20. A. wisest B. best C. hardest D. slowest
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學年河北石家莊辛集中學高二11月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
It is a tall tale（夸張的故事）that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed（吞） gum can wrap itself around your heart.
But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible(難消化的)—it is a mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body can't absorb.
Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut (腸子) and come out at the other end one or two days later.
The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell（殼） but many of gum's base ingredients are indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract(收縮) and relax, much like the way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.
Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.
1.Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because ________.
A．they believe the tall tales about chewing gum
B．chewing gum will stay in their body for years
C．their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum
D．chewing gum is indigestible for children
2.What happens to the food that can't be fully broken down?
A．It remains in our digestive system forever.
B．It will be eventually moved out of our body.
C．It will fight against the power of the gut.
D．It will stick to the gut for one or two days.
3.The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to “________”.
A．the attemptB．the salviaC．the shellD．the gum base
4.What would be the best title for text?
A．How does our digestive system work?
B．Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?
C．Does swallowing chewing gum matter?
D．Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學年河北石家莊辛集中學高二11月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
The class ________ 80 students is hard to manage.
A. consisting ofB. consists ofC. making up ofD. made up
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017年湖南衡陽八中高二上第四次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：語法填空
In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7,000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo was being used in ancient people’s daily lives. It was used for food, clothing, housing, transportation, 1. (music) instruments and even weapons.
The 2. (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, 3. (lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs(都江堰), the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played 4. important role. The world’s oldest water pipe was also 5. (make) of bamboo. During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan 6. (success) sank a 1600-metre-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe 7. the 19th century, and it was by using the technology 8. the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.
In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known as 9. of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many famous men, bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty. It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when 10. (face) tough situations.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學年江蘇啟東中學高二上第二次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
請根據所給漢語或首字母寫出空缺處單詞的適當形式，使句子完整，語法正確，每空只填一個單詞。
1.It’s the company’s policy to s_________ short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth.
2.The Red Cross is trying to get more young people involved in doing v________ work.
3.Without food, many of the victims in the disaster died of s________.
4.They have v__________ reasons for refusing to do it.
5.It is the building t_________ of a Gothic church.
6.The public remain _____________(持懷疑態度) of the claim that the local government has made great efforts to prevent water pollution.
7.Because of damage to their homes, many people had to stay in ___________(臨時的) shelters for a few months.
8.The electronic dictionary is ____________ (優雅地) shaped like a pen.
9.He is one of those who are not satisfied with the _________________(招待，接待).
10.The exhibition was held to break down the cultural ___________(障礙) between the two countries.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學年江蘇啟東中學高二上第二次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
China understands the situation and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them ______ technology and finance.
A. in terms ofB. in spite of
C. owingD. regardless of
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學年江蘇揚州中學高二上開學考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Australia has promised to introduce the most comprehensive （全面的） carbon trading program outside Europe in 2010. The government in Canberra plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions (排放) by at least five percent by 2020, but it could make bigger reductions if other countries agree to tougher targets.
The Australian government warns that without tough environmental measures the country could lose key industries and jobs. Climate Change Minister Penny Wong says the economy is under threat and decisive action is needed.
Central to the government’s climate change plan is a carbon emissions trading program that will be introduced within two years. It would involve one thousand of the nation’s biggest companies and would cover about three-quarters of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions.
Many scientists believe that greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, contribute to global warming. Many of them are released by burning fuels such as coal and oil.
Companies will be required to buy permits for each ton of carbon they emit, although big polluting exporters will receive up to 90 percent of their carbon licenses free.
Many business leaders want the government to delay the plan because of the current global financial crisis, which is slowing the Australian economy. Peter Anderson from the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry says it is irresponsible to bring in a carbon trading plan now.
Environmentalists, on the other hand, say Prime Minister Kevin Rudd has not properly addressed the threat of climate change. Activists had sought a minimum emissions cut of 25 percent.
Instead, the Rudd government aims to cuts carbon emissions by at least five percent of 2000 levels by 2020. That amount could rise to 15 percent, if future global agreements set such a target.
Ray Nias of the environmental group WWF says Australia will pay the price for low targets. “This is a deeply, deeply disappointing target,” Nias said. “It commits Australia to long-term climate change. It will make Australia’s ability to negotiate (協商) global agreements very, very difficult. It is much lower than even we had imagined.”
Australia has one of the highest per-person greenhouse emissions rates in the world because of its reliance on coal for electricity.
Some scientists warn that the vast, dry Australian continent, which has been suffering a series of droughts in recent years, could be one of the region’s hardest hit by global warming.
1.Which group supports to cut carbon emissions by at least 25%?
A. Environmentalists.B. The government.
C. Business leaders.D. Scientists.
2.Who most probably agrees to a higher goal of carbon emissions?
A. Penny Wong.B. Peter Anderson.
C. Kevin Rudd.D. Ray Nias.
3.Many business leaders are against the Australian program because ________.
A. they believe the program will only benefit the big companies
B. they believe the program will cause the global warming
C. they don’t want to pay extra money for carbon emissions
D. they don’t think carbon emission will surely cause the global warming
4.The underlined sentence means ________.
A. The Australian government will be blamed for the low target
B. Australia will suffer a lot from climate change caused by carbon emissions
C. The Australian government will have to spend lots of money on carbon emissions
D. Many Australian companies will close down because of the low target
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學年山西平遙中學高一上期中考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從41—60各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中,選出最佳選項
There was a man who played the piano in a small bar. There were not too many , but because he was a good piano player, some people came in every night just to hear him play. But one night, a patron (老主顧) told him he didn’t want to hear him play but to sing a song.
The man said, “I have never that before in public. I think I’m at playing the piano.”
But the customer . He told the waiter, “I’m listening to the piano day after day. I want to hear something new and I want that guy to sing.”
The waiter across the room, “Hey, buddy! If you want to get , sing a song. The patrons are asking you to sing!”
in order to bring some money home that night, the piano player who had never sung in public did so for the very first time. And had ever heard the song Mona Lisa sung before that night by Nat King Cole, and it surprised all, including the himself!
He had talent he was on! He may have lived the rest of his life as a no-name piano player in a no-name bar, but because he had to sing, he to become one of the best-known entertainers in America.
You, too, have skills and . You may not feel as if your “talent” is particularly , but it may be better than you think! And with persistence (堅持), most skills can be . Besides, you may as well have no ability at all if you sit on whatever talent you ! The is not “What ability do I have that is useful?” It is “How will I use whatever ability I have?”.
1.A waiters B customers C singers D players
2.A never B still C ever D only
3.A practiced B shown C dreamed D done
4.A better B richer C easier D sooner
5.A agreed B confused C insisted D charged
6.A familiar withB fond of C used to D tired of
7.A served B explained C shouted D complained
8.A changed B broadcast C paid D drunk
9.A So B And C Because D But
10.A nobody B anybody C somebody D everybody
11.A until B after C since D when
12.A waiter B singer C patron D owner
13.A sitting B waiting C dependingD playing
14.A went up B went on C went off D went away
15.A advantages B character C principle D abilities
16.A unique B surprising C famous D great
17.A recognizedB wasted C improved D impressed
18.A imagine B possess C expect D develop
19.A decision B answer C question D solution
20.A even B rather C pretty D Fairly
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