Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease itself — there is no such thing as a high incidence rates(發病率) of cancer. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning.
The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data show there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.
【小題1】According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.
| A．to be based on inactive life style |
| B．to be due to anxiety |
| C．to result from environmental influences |
| D．to be caused by heavy smoking |
| A．positive | B．negative | C．neutral | D．approving |
| A．the risk of catching cancer is on the rise |
| B．the whole earth is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen |
| C．the risk of catching cancer isn’t so great as people think |
| D．cancer can be cured if the environment is cleaned up |
| A．Cancer and Environment |
| B．The Fear Caused by Cancers |
| C．Data on Cancer Incidence |
| D．Cancer and its Investigation |
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目標測試系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health．Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat．Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well．That food is related to illness is not a new discovery．In 1945,some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colors in meats and other food additives caused cancer．Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings of foods are helpful or harmful．The additives which we eat are not all so direct．Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows．Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit．
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market．Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues．
According to this passage, we can know ．
A．perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B．perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C．cancer was discovered in 1945
D．science has made food unfit to eat
Things that are used to keep colors in meats are ．
A．harmful B．useless C．helpless D．dangerous
All the additives ．
A．are bright and colorless B．are not bright and colorful
C．have indirect effects on our health D．have direct effects on our health
People use additives ．
A．to make food more unfit to eat B．to improve the color and taste of the food
C．to change the color of the food D．to take off the diseases of the food
Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Some wrappings of food are harmful．
B．Farmers try to make more money on the market by fattening their animals．
C．“The practice continues” means “things are still going on like that”．
D．We needn't take care of what we eat．
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年浙東北三校高二下學期期中聯考英語 題型：閱讀理解
A lot of grown-ups worry that spending too much time playing video games isn’t good for a kid’s health. Now some doctors have noticed that kids who bring their hand-held game players to the hospital seem less worried about being there. These patients also seem to experience less pain when they are concentrating on a superhero adventure or a car race. At the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center in Maryland, young patients are finding hospital visits easier to deal with, thanks to a test program called the Hospital-based On-line Pediatric Environment (HOPE). Patients in HOPE have a life-threatening condition where their kidneys(腎臟)no longer filter(過濾)wastes from their blood. To get their blood cleaned, these kids must be hooked up to dialysis(透析) machines at the hospital three times a week, for at least three hours each time. HOPE allows kids to play online sports, racing, and adventure games with each other. Eventually they will be able to connect with kids in other hospitals who are suffering from the same problem. "We want to use the power of the Internet to bring together kids who feel that they are separated by their illness, and let them know that they are not alone," said Arun Mathews, the doctor who heads the program. He loves video games himself and got the idea to connect kids all over the country. Many researchers elsewhere are testing video game programs that might help young patients. For example, nine-year-old Ben Duskin of San Francisco, who was struggling with cancer helped to design a video game where players get rid of cancer cells. That’s all great news, because doctors already know that reducing pain and worry helps patients heal faster.
【小題1】What’s the main idea of the passage?
【小題2】A．Playing video games too much is bad for kids’health. B．Playing video games seems to be beneficial to young patients’ recovery. C．Doctors find that reducing pain helps patients recover faster. D．Doctors invent a game to help kids in hospitals. How long will it take a patient to get his blood cleaned in a week?
【小題3】A．About 3 hours. B．About 6 hours. C．About 9 hours. D．About 21 hours. According to Arun Mathews, the main purpose of HOPE is to _________.
【小題4】A．encourage kids to play online games B．teach kids how to design video games C．help kids who are suffering from illness connect with each other D．make parents worry less about their kids playing video games too much Which of the following plays the most important role in the HOPE project?
【小題5】A．Music. B．The Internet. C．Novels. D．Films. What can we learn from the passage?A．Nine-year-old Ben Duskin, who has a cancer, is very brave and clever. B．Many parents want their children to play video games because it’s good for their health. C．Doctors are not sure whether reducing pain and worry can help the patients recover faster. D．HOPE allows kids to play online games only with the kids in the same hospital.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年廣西柳鐵一中高三年級第一次月考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
Choose the yum(美味的東西) and risk the yuk（討厭的東西）?
Scientists have given us a lot of health warnings. The advice from cancer experts for avoiding bowel(腸) cancer is "try to avoid processed(加工過的) meats such as bacon, ham, corned beef and some sausages", and women fearing breast cancer are told "there doesn't seem to be a starting point at which alcohol consumption is safe",
But all these health warnings tend to have little influence on behavior, So who is being unreasonable —the scientists who give us health advice, or the public that just ignores it?
The curious fact is that both might be right. The reasoning behind these health warnings seems to be this: if you do more of something pleasurable (which we shall give the name “yum”) there is a higher risk of something bad (which we shall give the name “yuk”)occurring, so you should avoid yum.
But when presented with this argument you might ask two questions.
First, maybe the pleasure of yum makes the risk worth taking, especially if yuk might occur a long time in the future? Second, maybe there are other benefits of yum that could cancel out the risks of the particular yuk that has been identified (確認) ?
So suppose bacon sandwiches are your particular yum: research shows that 50g per day — that is a great greasy sandwich — increases your risk of bowel cancer by 20%.
But this means that out of every 100 people who stuffed down that big bacon sandwich every day of their lives, the number of bowel cancers would 
rise from five to six.
In addition, if a middle
-aged woman gave up alcohol, it might reduce her risk of breast cancer, but could increase risk of some other cancers as well as heart disease.
So we need to look at the whole picture before trying to get people to change what they do, since everything has benefit and harms — just think of the joggers(慢跑者) who get knocked down by cars — and people need to be able to find their own balance.
Therefore, as you reach for your yum, perhaps sometimes pause a moment and realize that you are taking a gamble(賭博) on the yuk occurring, but that it may be a risk worth taking.
【小題1】What is the advice given by scientists for avoiding breast cancer?
| A．Try to avoid processed meat. | B．Try to avoid alcohol. |
| C．Try to choose the yum. | D．Try to risk the yuk. |
| A．If you choose the yum, you will risk the yuk. |
| B．If you risk the yuk, you’ll choose the yum. |
| C．The yum is worth taking, especially if yuk might occur in the future. |
| D．Other benefits of yum could cancel out the risks of the yuk. |
| A．Because giving up alcohol might reduce breast cancer. |
| B．Because people are not able to find their own balance. |
| C．Because all the things have both sides. |
| D．Because the advice given by scientists is not true. |
| A．People are often influenced by the health warnings. |
| B．Both the scientists and the public are not reasonable. |
| C．Alcohol consumption has both benefit and harms. |
| D．People should avoid yum to reduce the risk of yuk. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆浙江省高一下學期期中檢測英語試卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
According to the recent survey, cancer is the leading cause of death among the old persons in this area ____________ women.
A, extremely B, exactly C, specially D, especially
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科目：高中英語 來源：20102012上海交通大學附屬中學高二第二學期期末英語試題 題型：信息匹配
|
A．The great impact and progress in genetic engineering B．Worries about privacy protection C．Worries about medical use of genetic engineering D．Genetic knowledge helps to predict diseases E．Genetic knowledge may not be properly used AB．The application of genetic engineering in the medical fields |
1.__________
Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people have predispositions（易患某病傾向）to certain diseases．Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer．Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child's genetic disorder will be．Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings．
2.__________
The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases．Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes （中風）. But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases．In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.
3.__________
Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research allowsFor example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against．Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness．What if they learn that they have a disease for which there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?
4.__________
Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not “play God” He asks, “Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?” He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society．
5.．__________
One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients’ permission. Most people would agree that one’s health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious．
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