Winston Churchill was born into a famous family．His father was a successful politician．However, as a boy, Churchill was considered a slow learner in school．Later he entered the Army and saw action in various countries．
In October 1900, Churchill began his political career．For the next sixty years Churchill’s work as a great politician was both brighter and more difficult than his father’s had been．In 1939 German attacked Poland．Churchill prepared to fight．In 1940 he became the Prime Minister of English．
France fell．The Germans fought their way through Western Europe．It looked as if Britain was about to lose the war．Was it now possible to ask for peace, and listen to Hitler?
Churchill spoke: “I have nothing to offer but blood, hard work , tears and sweat… You ask what is our policy? I will tell you, it is to fight, by sea , by land and air, with all our force and with all the strength that God can give us．You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory．”
The Germans began moving their armies to the French coast and prepared to go to war with British．The British had not enough guns to go around．Churchill gave the answer: “ We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be．We shall fight on the coast ; we shall fight on the landing grounds; we shall fight in the fields and in the streets; we shall fight in the hills; we shall never give up．”
By his courage and hard work, Churchill heartened his people and other nations fighting together against Hitler．Victory finally came when the Germans lost World War II．
Churchill died in 1965 and was given a state funeral．This was a fitting payment to one of all the greatest men the world had ever seen．
【小題1】Churchill ______ before he became a politician．
| A．was a slow student | B．was an army man |
| C．helped his father in his career | D．had little interest in politics |
| A．after France was defeated | B．before France fell |
| C．soon after Poland was attacked | D．before Churchill became the Prime Minister |
| A．surprised | B．encouraged | C．asked for | D．called for |
| A．Churchill had worked as a politician for more than sixty years． |
| B．The writer admired and respected Churchill very much． |
| C．Churchill was not so clever as his father． |
| D．Churchill was one of the most inspiring, brave and wise leaders in the British history． |
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】C
解析試題分析：本文主要講述了英國著名首相丘吉爾的一生的主要故事。
【小題1】B 細節題。根據文章1,2段．Later he entered the Army and saw action in various countries．
In October 1900, Churchill began his political career可知他是先參軍，如何才從政，故B正確。
【小題2】A 推理題。根據文章第三段France fell．The Germans fought their way through Western Europe．It looked as if Britain was about to lose the war．可知德國是在打敗法國以后才準備進攻英國，故A正確。
【小題3】B 推理題。根據本段 By his courage and hard work, Churchill heartened his people and other nations fighting together against Hitler．Victory finally came when the Germans lost World War II．可知他是在鼓勵他的國民為了勝利而斗爭，故該詞是指鼓勵的意思，故B正確。
【小題4】C 細節題。根據第二段1,2行 In October 1900, Churchill began his political career．For the next sixty years Churchill’s work as a great politician was both brighter and more difficult than his father’s had been可知他做政客的表現比他爸爸的預料要更好，說明C項說法是錯誤的。
考點：考察人物傳記類短文閱讀
點評：本文主要講述了英國著名首相丘吉爾的一生的主要故事。本文細節題居多，答題時在文章找到對應的地方，用筆進行標記，這有利于后期有時間檢查時可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔細理解作者所講的意思，再結合選項，通過排除法和自己對全文的把握，選出正確答案。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a．young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964．Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help ．The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion（分散）of responsibility．Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．
The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation, is ambiguous^ R^E^?）．In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnessing reported that they believed that they were witnessing a " lovers' quarrel" , and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
The passage seems to suggest that Genovese might not have been murdered if there had been_____．
A．no observer B．fewer observers
C．more observers ． D．younger observers
Genovese was murdered .
A．while she was going out B．in her apartment
C．halfway home D．in front of her apartment ?
The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____．
A．not doing anything to help B．behaving in correct ways
C．taking action D．murdering
We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____．
A．were afraid of being attacked by the murderer
B．thought someone else might come to her rescue．
C．didn't get along well with her
D．were sure it was murdering
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011屆山東省青島市第一次統一高考模擬英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses． This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty" Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964． Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work． As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed （刺） by a man later identified as Winston Moseley． Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help． The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans． As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect． First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility． Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present． The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways． When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous． In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
【小題1】The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because a woman surnamed Genovese．
| A．it somehow caused the murder of |
| B．its discovery resulted from the murder of |
| C．it was actually discovered by |
| D．it always makes people think of |
| A．while she was going out | B．in her apartment |
| C．halfway home | D．near her apartment |
| A．They believed in the bystander effect． |
| B．They thought someone else might help her． |
| C．They didn't think they should help． |
| D．They didn't think she needed help． |
| A．wait for sort of a signal |
| B．hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt |
| C．want to be sure it's appropriate to react |
| D．wonder if the victim is worth helping |
| A．no | B．fewer | C．more | D．braver |
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科目：高中英語 來源：廣東省湛江市第二中學2009-2010學年度高二上學期期末考試 題型：閱讀理解
III.閱讀理解(20×2)
When Sir Winston Churchill , the great British prime minister, reached his eightieth birthday in November 1954, he was presented with his portrait by a well-known modern artist, Granham Sutherland. The painting had been ordered and paid by the members of Parliament(國會)， who wanted to honor the Grand Man of World war II.
Sir Winston and Lady Churchill were deeply moved by this mark of respect and affection. Neither of them, of course, allowed the donors（捐贈者） to see how much they both disliked the portrait. “It makes me look stupid—which I am not !” Churchill protested in pr
ivate. Publicly, he only said that it was “a fine example of modern art”. His friends smiled: it was well-known that Sir Winston didn’t care for modern art.
Churchill was so unhappy about the portrait that finally his wife had it destroyed. Churchill died at ninety in January 1965. lady Churchill followed him in 1977. Shortly after her death, the public learned what had happened to Sutherland’s paint
ing, and a heated argument broke out. The painter was understandably sad. The artistic community, shocked and angry, claimed that the destruction of the picture had been a crime. Historians said that they regretted the disappearance of a historical document. All agreed that Churchills didn’t have the right to do what they had done.
Well—did they ? A good part of the public felt that the owner of a portrait had the right to get rid of it if it made him so unhappy. The question, however, has been raised many times before: who has the right to a work of art—the sitter, the owner, the donor or the artist who created it? And when the painting is the portrait of a historical figure, should the right of posterity (后代) be considered, as the historians claimed?
1. To have Churchill’s portrait painted was the idea of ______.
A.a we
ll-known modern artist B.Parliament
C.a friend of Churchill D.the public
2. Which of the following is true ?
A. Churchill liked the portrait but his wife not
B. Churchill didn’t like the portrait because he didn’t like the painter
C. Churchill liked the portrait because it was a fine modern art.
D . Churchill didn’t like the portrait and nor did his wife
3. When Churchill said it was “a fine example of modern art”, he was ______.
A. dishonest B. joking C. praising the portrait D. not been straight
4.When was the destruction of the portrait known to the public?
A . As soon as it happened B.After Churchill died in 1965
C. Soon after Lady Churchill’s death D. Not until recently
5. How did people reacted to the news?
A. People of the artistic community were all very sad.
B. The historians felt more strongly against it than the artistic community.
C.All people agreed that Chutchills had no right to destroy the picture.
D. while some were upset, quite a few people believed the Churchills had the right to destroy it.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年重慶市萬州二中高二上學期第一次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Churchill's full name was Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill. He was born in 1874. He was educated at Harrow School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
In 1900 Churchill was elected a member of parliament .As First Lord of the Admiralty , in 1911, he was responsible for strengthening the British navy.
During World War I, he still remained a member of parliament, but he resigned from his post in the British navy, and became a soldier again, fighting in France. In 1917, however, he became Minister of Munitions . In this job, he encouraged the development and use of the tank, which was then a new weapon. After the war, Churchill held several government posts.
From 1931 to 1939, he was only a member of parliament. He had fallen into dislike because of his militant (war-loving) attitude. Even his closest friends discouraged him from seeking higher office. But when World War II started in 1939. Churchill returned to his former job as First Lord of the Admiralty.
In May 1940, he became Prime Minister. Throughout the war, Churchill showed great strength and energy. He worked for long periods with little sleep and traveled many thousands of miles. By the courage and determination expressed in his speeches, he inspired the people of Britain to keep on fighting. His speeches also gave hope to people in parts of Europe occupied by enemy forces.
In the general election at the end of the war, the Conservative Party, of which he was leader, was defeated. But he became Prime Minister again in 1951. He resigned as Prime Minister in 1955. However, he remained a member of parliament until 1964. Some time later, in 1965, he died.
【小題1】Before World War I, Churchill worked for his country as ____.
| A．headmaster of Harrow School | B．a leader of the Britain Navy |
| C．a leader of the Conservative Party | D．Prime Minister of Britain |
| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
| A．In 1938 Churchill left the parliament. |
| B．Churchill's closest friends were against his attitude toward war. |
| C．Churchill's closest friends always inspired him to seek higher office. |
| D．Churchill and his closet friends served in the army before World War II. |
| A．Churchill gave up as Prime Minister in 1955 |
| B．Churchill once became a soldier, fighting in France |
| C．Churchill's speeches encouraged the British people to keep on fighting |
| D．Churchill led his army to fight bravely and defeated the enemy in World War I |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011年四川普通高等學校全國招生統一考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churhill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（復雜化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says“The more accurately（精確的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
1.
According to the text, James March is ____________.
A. a poet who uses experience in his writing
B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university
C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions
2.
According to James March, experience ______________.
A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively sought
3.
What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
4.
What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning. D. To discuss organizational decision making.
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