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Decision-thinking is not unlike poker —it often matters not only what you think. but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think, The mental process (過程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards. good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes: there are what he called games of perfect information, games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks: they don't win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of imperfect information, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknown able factors (因素), which would even puzzle (困惑) best pokers players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
1．The subject discussed in this text is ________.
A. the process of reaching decisions
B. the difference between poker and chess
C. the secret of making good business plans
D. the value of information in winning games
2．An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ________.
A. rules
B. luck
C. time
D. ideas
3．Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?
A. Quite right.
B. True enough.
C. Most unlikely.
D. Just the opposite.
4．In the writer's opinion, when making business decisions one should ________.
A. put perfect information before imperfect information
B. accept the existence of unknown factors
C. regard business as a game of chess
D. mix known and unknown factor
一本好題口算題卡系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：英語教研室 題型：050
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Twenty-three senior high school graduates of 1999 from Wuhan, Hubei Province, have recently left for Germany on a work-study program, according to Xi'an Evening News.
They will study hotel management in Bavaria Hotel Management School for a year and then take up two-year practice in Germany. Upon graduation, they will also get diplomas (文憑) recognized internationally. During their two-year practice, they earn no less than 1200 Deutsche Marks (德國馬克) a month.
The program, organized by a company in Wuhan, aims at providing the city's high school graduates with new job opportunities.
Applicants (申請人) must first pass an exam given by the German side and pay 180 000 yuan covering the three years' study and living expenses in Germany. In spite of this, the program still attracted a lot of high school graduates and their parents. And applicants came in a continuous stream.
“The chance for my child to go to college is small. What's more, it's not easy to find a job. We find the work-study program an equally good way out for him,” a parent said. “We don't worry much about the high costs because the total income from the two-year-long practice will be quite enough to clear them.”
1．This text is mainly about ________.
A. a hotel management school in Bavaria, Germany
B. students from Wuhan studying in Germany
C. students going abroad on work-study program
D. new job opportunities offered in Germany
2．Which of the following words best describes the parents of these 23 students?
A. wasteful
B. wise
C. sorry
D. worried
3．We can infer that these applicants found it hard ________.
A. to go to college at home
B. to pay for the cost
C. to pass the test given by the Germans
D. to get a job when they return home
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科目：高中英語 來源：英語教研室 題型：050
閱讀下列文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。
One day newly-wedded (結婚的) Nancy lost her ring when they were busy working in their fields to plant potatoes. Friends were called and the field was searched long but in vain(無效的). Later, when the potatoes were harvested everyone looked out for the ring but it remained lost. Another year came round and all the farmers working in the fields kept their eyes open.
The following year was the same. And year after year, whoever had business in the fields always had Nancy's ring in his mind.
Then the farm changed hands but it went to further than to cousins (表兄弟). So the memory of the lost ring remained alive until thirty-eight years had passed. Then came a spring day when a man was plowing (耕地) the field behind a pair of horses. Even after thirty-eight years he still looked out for the ring, and knew just which part of the field Nancy had lost it in. At this time, when he came there, he found it. He picked it up, put it carefully into his pocket, left his horses, and ran all the way down to the village and placed it into Nancy's hand.
1．How did Nancy come to lose her ring? She lost it while ________.
A. helping to plant tomatoes in the fields
B. watering the plants in the fields
C. doing some plowing in the fields
D. gathering potatoes in the fields
2．What was done to try and find the lost ring?
A. Friends were asked to join the search.
B. The field was searched for a long time.
C. Dogs were called to look for it.
D. Both A and B.
3．Why did people keep looking for the ring even after the farm changed hands?
A. It was a very expensive ring.
B. They all wanted to do something for Nancy.
C. They all hated Nancy.
D. Everybody wanted to have this ring.
4．What did the ploughman do after finding the ring?
A. He picked it up and put it in his pocket.
B. He ran back to tell everybody else in the village.
C. He placed it to the owner.
D. He returned if to the owner.
5．What can you infer from the passage?
A. The ring was not valuable.
B. People on the farm were honest and helpful.
C. The ring's mysterious disappearance was the work of supernatural power.
D. Nancy no longer expected that her ring would be found again.
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科目：高中英語 來源：英語教研室 題型：050
閱讀下列文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。
London---Lazy students can now give up on work altogether as two Oxford University students have made scores of A-grade essays (論文) on the website for students to copy. The essays are on the new website “revise it”. The website includes an “Essay Lab” designed to make cheating (舞弊) as effective and effortless as possible.
Its homepage announces to surfers (網上沖浪者) ; “Its Essay Lab is a bank of hundreds of A-level essays covering popular topics.”
“Next time you are asked to write an essay， why not see what we have on the subject-if you are in a lazy state of mind you can even use our guide to writing the essays and then just hand them in.”
Nick Rose and Jordan Mayo, both 19 and first from Manchester, spent much of their first year as students at the university setting up the website. There is no charge for downloading the essays.
“I have never been very good at essay writing,” Rose admitted. “We don't see essay bank as a cheating way. It's a surprising valuable resource. You can learn a lot by reading other people's work on the subject.”
Among other tips , the website suggests inventing important speeches to give essays extra weight: “Popular people to quote (引用) are Douglas Hurd or Disraeli.”
Hurd was a foreign secretary in the 1980s and Disraeli was a 19th century prime minister. Teachers are expressing their opinions by e-mail that they are angry about the website that “encourages students to cheat”, but students disagree. According to Rose: “Exams are a fight. It's us against them.”
1．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the students who visit the website “revise it” are all lazy
B. students dislike exams
C. Nick Rose is poor at writing
D. writing essays is not a pleasant job
2．Nick Rose and Jordan Mayo set up their website for the purpose of ________.
A. helping the students to cheat in exams
B. helping students to improve their writing
C. making money to pay for their schooling
D. surprising their teachers
3．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?
A. Essay Lab is one part of the website.
B. Teachers and students have different opinions about the website.
C. Students are not satisfied with the education system
D. Douglas Hurd often copied essays from the website.
4．Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Homework Website
B. Against Exams
C. Surfers on the Internet
D. A-level Essays
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：051
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Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo. Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel, the world's first igloo hotel. Built in a small town in Lapland, it has been attracting lots of visitors, but soon the fun will be over.
In two weeks' time Bergqvist's ice creation(作品) will be nothing more than a pool of water, “We don't see it as a big problem,” he says. “We just look forward to replacing it.”
Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for exhibition. It was so successful that he designed the present one, which measures roughly 200 square meters. Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1, 000 tons of snow onto a wooden base; when the snow froze, the base was removed. “The only wooden thing we have left in the igloo is the front door,” he says.
After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success. With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0℃, it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing hotel break. “It's great fun.” Bergqvist explains, “as well as a good start in survival training.”
The popularity of the igloo is beyond doubt; it is now attracting tourists from all over the world. At least 800 people have stayed at the igloo this season even though there are only 10 rooms. “You can get a lot of people in,” explains Bergqvist. “The beds are three meters wide by two meters long, and can fit at least four at one time.”
1．Bergqvist designed and built the world's first igloo hotel because ________.
A. he believed people would enjoy trying something new
B. he wanted to mice a name for the small town
C. an art exhibition was about to open
D. more hotel rooms were needed
2．When the writer says “the fun will be over”, he refers to the fact that ________.
A. hotel guests will be frightened at the thought of the hard test
B. Bergqvist's hotel will soon become a pool of water
C. holiday makers will soon get tired of the big igloo
D. a bigger igloo will replace the present one
3．According to the text, the first thing to do in building an igloo is ________.
A. to gather a pool of water
B. to prepare a wooden base
C. to cover the ground with ice
D. to pile a large amount of snow
4．When guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that ________.
A. they have visited Lapland
B. they have had an ice-snow holiday
C. they have had great fun sleeping on ice
D. they have had a taste of adventure
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