Question

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; _________________, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way children, learning to do all the other things without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances（表現）with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he became dependent on the teacher.
Why should we teachers waste time on such tiring work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense（荒謬的）of grades, exams and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
We should, of course, offer help to them just as they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated（復雜的）and rapidly changing as ours. Don’t worry! If something is basic, they will go out into the world and learn it.
小題1:What is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 8 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Teachers seem to think that a child can’t find out a mistake or correct it without their help.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題3:Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.
(No more than 10 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題4:According to the passage, what should a teacher do? (No more than 15 words.)
A teacher should ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題5:What is the author’s attitude towards grades, exams and marks at school?
(No more than 5 words.)
The author thinks _____________________________________________________________

Answer 1

小題1:Let children judge their own work. /Let children learn by themselves. /Give children chances to learn by themselves.
小題2:We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to.
小題3:If (he is) corrected too much/frequently/toooften
小題4:(A teacher should) offer help when a child asks for it. A teacher should help the child when he can’t find the way to get the right answer.
小題5:(The author thinks) them (that they are) nonsense /useless/ meaningless/pointless/(that) they make no sense.

試題分析：讓孩子們自己評判他們的學習，讓他們自己去發現錯誤并自己改正錯誤。作者為老師，應該轉變以前那種給學生指出錯誤并監督他們改正的教學觀念，注重培養孩子獨立思考和判斷的能力。
小題1:根據第一段“Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time ...But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them.”可知，文章大意說的是，讓孩子學會自己評判他們的工作，老師要給孩子自學的機會。故填Let children judge their own work. /Let children learn by themselves. /Give children chances to learn by themselves.
小題2:根據第一段“We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to.”可知，老師認為，如果不給孩子指出錯誤，他就不會注意到那個錯誤；如果不讓孩子去改正錯誤，他就不會去改正。故填We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to.
小題3:根據“A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time”中的all the time可知，不應該一直提醒孩子要糾正錯誤，而應該讓孩子自己發現并加以改正。故填If (he is) corrected too much/frequently/too often。
小題4:根據第二段“Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer.”和第三段“We should, of course, offer help to them just as they ask for it.”可知，老師應該做的事情是，當孩子找不到答案向老師求助時，老師才伸出援助之手。故填(A teacher should) offer help when a child asks for it. A teacher should help the child when he can’t find the way to get the right answer.
小題5:根據“Let’s end all this nonsense（荒謬的）of grades, exams and marks. Let us throw them all out”中的nonsense可知，作者認為分數和考試是沒有意義的，故填(The author thinks) them (that they are) nonsense /useless/ meaningless/pointless/(that) they make no sense.