Question

Three years ago I listened to a lecture on cognition that changed the way I think about intelligence. There are two types of cognition, and the first is normal cognition the ability to regain knowledge from memory. The second type of cognition is metacognition(元認知) the ability to know whether or not you know.
Does this affect intelligence? In traditional education, intelligence is measured by cognitive ability. Some people can easily produce everything they know on a test. But others are awarded with poor grades and considered inferior (not as good as). But does this inability make them any less intelligent? If the question came up on a task, they could refer to a book or a quick Google search. In reality they’re just as effective as the people that ace a test. They just can’t prove it as easily.
Metacognition is more important to success than cognition. A person with poor cognitive ability, but great metacognitive ability might do poorly in school, but when faced with a challenge, they understand their abilities and take the best course of action. For example, when faced with a question, a person with strong metacognitive ability will deal with it like this. If he knows the answer, but can’t come up with it, he can always do a bit of research. If he knows for sure that he doesn’t know, then he can start educating himself. Because he’s aware of his ignorance, he doesn’t act with foolish confidence. These people might not seem intelligent at first glance, but because they know what they know, they make better decisions and learn the most important things.
However, people with great cognitive ability but poor metacognitive ability may be considered excellent at a young age for acing every test and getting great SAT scores. Unfortunately, they’ve been ruined by poor metacognition they think they know everything but they really don’t. They are arrogant (overconfident), fail to learn from mistakes, and don’t understand the slight differences of personal relationships, showing disregard for persons with lower cognitive ability. They may make the worst decisions.
The most important mental power is the ability to know what you don’t know .The recognition of a fault is the first step to improvement. Don’t try to hide a lack of knowledge. For intelligent people this is the toughest lesson to learn.
小題1:People with great cognitive ability tend to ______________.       

A．do well in tests

B．be considered inferior

C．be more effective than others

D．do research when faced with a task

小題2:The underlined phrase “take the best course of action,” probably means______.

A．starting educating himself

B．taking action during the course

C．making the right decision

D．coming up with many ideas

小題3:People with poor metacognition may not succeed because they ________.

A．lack basic moral values

B．have improper self evaluation

C．fail to communicate with others

D．show little respect for others

小題4:The author probably supports the idea that ___________.

A．intelligence is measured by cognitive ability

B．cognition is the most important mental power

C．the toughest lesson is to distinguish the two types of cognition

D．the awareness of one’s ignorance contributes to one’s improvement

Answer 1

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析：文章介紹兩種認知，一種是可以讓人們考試好的認知，一種是讓人們認識到自己弱點的元認知，作者認為元認知更加重要。
小題1:細節題：從第二段的句子：In traditional education, intelligence is measured by cognitive ability. Some people can easily produce everything they know on a test. 可知認知能力強的人考試考得好，選A
小題2:句意理解題：從這段的最后一句話：they make better decisions and learn the most important things.可知元認知能力強的人，意識到自己的弱點會做出正確的決定，選C
小題3:細節題：從第四段的句子：Unfortunately, they’ve been ruined by poor metacognition they think they know everything but they really don’t.可知元認知不好的人會因為對自己沒有正確判斷而失敗，選B
小題4:推理題：從最后一段的句子：The most important mental power is the ability to know what you don’t know .The recognition of a fault is the first step to improvement.可知作者認為意識到自己的無知會有助于提高，選D