Question

When we say older people shrink, we don’t mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket! We just mean that it’s common for older people to become a little shorter over time. This kind of shrinking can’t be reversed, although people can slow or stop this process. But why does shrinking happen at all?
Because of gravity (that force that keeps your feet on the ground) , cushions between the bones in the spine (脊骨), get compressed (壓縮), which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨質疏松). Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it’s not being replaced. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.
Older people — especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with — are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis can get small breaks in bones that are called compression fractures. These breaks cause collapse of the spine and over time the person with osteoporosis can become hunched over (駝背).
Did you know that every day you shrink a little, too? You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That’s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don’t worry, though. Once you get a good night’s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you’re standing tall again!
Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.
小題1:Which of the following statements is true?

A．For shrinking, people can do nothing about it.

B．If someone is injured, he will become shorter.

C．Women have smaller and lighter bones than men.

D．We aren’t as tall at the end of the day as we are at the beginning.

小題2:What should we do if we don’t want to shrink faster?

A．We should try to reduce gravity.

B．We should be careful not to be hurt by others.

C．We should sleep as long as possible.

D．We should keep away from smoking and drinking alcohol.

小題3:What is the topic of the passage?

A．How can we stop shrinking?

B．Why do we shrink?

C．Some tips on how to keep tall.

D．How to live a healthy life.

小題4:About osteoporosis we know that _______.

A．gravity is one of the causes of osteoporosis

B．once our bone is broken down, osteoporosis will occur

C．women are more likely to develop osteoporosis

D．if we develop osteoporosis, we are more likely to be shorter

小題5:What will the author talk about in the paragraph to be followed?

A．Tell us how to grow taller.

B．Tell us how to become healthier.

C．Tell us how to avoid being shrinking.

D．Tell us what to do to have strong bones.

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:D
小題5:D

試題分析：本文主要闡述了人變矮的現象，分析了人變矮的原因，原來是因為我們的骨頭發生了變化，如骨質疏松等。
小題1:D 細節題。根據文章倒數第二段第二句You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning.可知人在早晨要比晚上要更高，故D正確。
小題2:D 推理題。根據文章最后一段Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.
可知抽煙和喝酒會讓情況更嚴重，那么如果你不想變矮，那么你就不要抽煙和喝酒。故D正確。
小題3:B 主旨大意題。根據文章主題段第一段最后一句But why does shrinking happen at all?
可知本文講述的主要是為什么人會收縮，變矮？故B正確。
小題4:D 細節題。根據文章第三段第一句Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨質疏松).可知骨質疏松也是人變矮的原因之一，也就是書如果一個人患了骨質疏松，那么他也可能變矮。故D正確。
小題5:D 推理題。本文主要分析了人變矮的原因，原來是因為我們的骨頭發生了變化，如骨質疏松等。接下來應該具體說明我們如何讓自己的骨頭變得更為堅固。故D正確。
點評：本文主要闡述了人變矮的現象，分析了人變矮的原因。本文以細節題的考查為主，細節題是針對文中某個細節、某句話或某部分具體內容設置問題，正確答案的根據一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改寫往往成為正確選項。通常細節題的正確選項有以下特征：對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項。詞性或者語態的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態，給考生制造障礙。語言簡化。把原文中的復雜語言現象進行簡化，成為正確答案。