Question

It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”

1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to ­­­­­­_______.

A. determine one's behavior

B. reflect one's taste

C. influence one's surroundings

D. result from one's habits

2.Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?

A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.

B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.

C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.

D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.

3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?

A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.

B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.

C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.

D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.

4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

A. Personalities and attitudes.

B. Preferences and habits.

C. Behavior and personalities.

D. Attitudes and preferences.

Answer 1

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.C

【解析】

試題分析：人們的行為是由什么來決定的？通常認為人的行為決定于人的內在“性情”。但是許多時候，我們卻需要通過人的行為來認識人的內心，因為行為并非總能代表人的真實內心。

1.1】A細節(jié)題。從第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.一句可知，人們通常認為“品格和態(tài)度”決定人們的行為。故選擇A項。

2.2】A推斷題。從第二段but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior.一句可知，與通常認為的“內在”（性情）決定“外在”（行為）不同，許多時候，我們需要通過我們的行為來認識我們的內心。這是Daryl Bern提議的。B、C、D三項都是“內在”決定“外在”的例子。A項中是“外在”顯示“內在”，故該項正確。

3.3】B推斷題。文章第三段說到：Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us，下文“回收垃圾”和“買咖啡”都是說明該論點的論據(jù)。我們回收垃圾不是因為我們保護環(huán)境的內心，而是因為存在外界可能的負面評價的壓力所致。故選擇 B項。

4.4】C主旨大意題。本文主要討論如何認識人們的行為（外在）與品性（內在）之間的內在聯(lián)系及因果關系。故選擇C項。

考點：考查社會現(xiàn)象類閱讀。