(山東省青島市2010屆高三上學期期中考試)
D
The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant (懷孕的) women, pensioners (領養老金者), and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.
Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.
As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals—many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.
During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
71. We can know from the first paragraph that .
A. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948
B. people didn't have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up
C. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody
D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers
72. What do we know about the NHS?
A. It's managed by the central government.
B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.
C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.
D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.
73. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they .
A. take care of the local people's health
B. often take part in competitions to see who is the best
C. work under high pressure nowadays
D. have more responsibilities than before
74. What does the underlined word exempt probably mean?
A. suffering B. different
C. prevented D. free
75. The biggest problem for the NHS is .
A. many hospitals are too old to be used
B. some services are in the charge of individuals
C. more and more patients go to GPs for treatment
D. there is not enough money for further reform
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
（山東省青島市2010屆高三上學期期中考試）
Guess what? Your dog can get jealous when you pay attention to other dogs, other people or even other things.
Dogs have complex 36 such as jealousy (嫉妒) and pride, according to a scientific research that throws new 37 on their relations with 38 .
Animal psychologists previously believed most animals lacked " 39 of self", which is needed to experience secondary emotions such as 40 , embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more 41 than instant reactions such as anger or joy.
Professor Friederike Range, from the University of Vienna, has shown that dogs are jealous when they feel unfairly treated 42 to other dogs. "Dogs show a strong 43 to inequity (不公平)," she said. "If one dog gets something, you'd better believe another will 44 something as well."
But, her study 45 , it doesn't matter if one gets a better treat, only that the distribution is 46 .
The dog study is the latest into several 47 , including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have 48 that animals are far more self-aware than 49 were thought.
Paul Morris, a psychologist at the University of Portsmouth who studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times: "We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more 50 complex than we ever realized. They can 51 simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates (靈長類) could experience."
In research among 52 , Morris found almost all of them reported 53 behavior by their pets. The dog often tried to get their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship.
Behavior experts recommend owners keeping their dog's 54 as much as possible from a new partner or child . This helps to 55 jealous activity from the dog such as interruptions with barking or whining (哀嚎).
36. A. emotions B. feelings C. experience D. realization
37. A. sweat B. tears C. light D. delight
38. A. cats B. humans C. scientists D. animals
39. A. feeling B. sense C. care D. relation
40. A. happiness B. anger C. jealousy D. sadness
41. A. important B. necessary C. complex D. hard
42. A. related B. compared C. comparing D. relating
43. A. effect B. reaction C. effort D. influence
44. A. need B. concern C. demand D. hope
45. A. points out B. points at C. points to D. points up
46. A. good B. fair C. delightful D. favorable
47. A. species B. kinds C. sorts D. varieties
48. A. covered B. played C. shown D. displayed
49. A. we B. they C. people D. you
50. A. physically B. morally C. emotionally D. mentally
51. A. enjoy B. ache C. laugh D. suffer
52. A. students B. dog owners C. professors D. doctors
53. A. angry B. joyful C. jealous D. guilty
54. A. activity B. routine C. experience D. away
55. A. prevent B. keep C. protect D. stop
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
(山東省青島市2010屆高三上學期期中考試)
A
Recently I paid a visit to Harvard University, where there are top class scientists and professors and the best academic system in the world.
I was pretty shocked when I first stepped onto the campus. Well, it's not even really a campus. It's more like a district in a small town.
Harvard's main buildings are from the 18th century. They look very old and simple. You might even say they're a little shabby. They don't fit the modern idea of university at all. The buildings are surrounded by grass and trees, so I felt as if I had walked into a medieval castle. But when I looked across the street, busy shops and in-fashion students made me feel like I was in the 21st century again. It creates a strong contrast and brings a special atmosphere to the school.
Our tour guide Gary took us around and told us: "You see this grass field in the center of the school? Here is where they host their graduation ceremony. They just set up tents and benches and have a very simple ceremony. Unbelievable! Who would think the most talented students just graduate on the lawn?
I saw some students put a blanket on the grass and lie down to read a book. When I listened to the soft sound of pages turning, along with chirping of the birds, I felt very calm. There was no competitive feeling at all.
Harvard has the world's first computer in its science center and there are hundreds of high-end computers too. Its religion and the literature departments are also among the best. It is the perfect mix of tradition and new technology. It makes Harvard a very attractive place to study in.
I hope one day I'll attend my dream school—Harvard.
56. The article is mainly about .
A. the author's campus life in Harvard
B. the author's impression of Harvard
C. Harvard's old buildings
D. the academic system at Harvard
57. The author was most impressed by , according to the article.
A. Harvard's mix of tradition and new technology
B. the classes held on beautiful lawns at Harvard
C. Harvard students not taking their graduation ceremony seriously
D. the feeling of not living in modern society on the campus
58. What can we conclude from the article?
A. Harvard campus is actually a district of a big city.
B. There are no competitions at Harvard University.
C. Graduation ceremonies are not complex at Harvard.
D. All Harvard buildings date back to the 18th century.
59. According to the article, in which fields is Harvard top in the world?
A. Literature, arts, and law.
B. Religion, law and arts.
C. Literature, arts and computer science.
D. Religion, computer science and literature.
60. Which word can be used to describe the Harvard campus?
A. modern B. competitive C. peaceful D. splendid
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
(山東省青島市2010屆高三上學期期中考試)
B
Superman, Spider-Man, Batman and Iron Man ... .There is no shortage of superheroes. You find them in comic books, on the TV and the big screen.
In a survey of fans by the sci-fi (科幻) and fantasy website, SFX.co.uk, Batman, 70 years old this year, was voted Britain's favorite superhero.
Unlike many crime-fighting superheroes Batman has no special powers. He can't fly like Superman or shoot a sticky (粘性的) web like Spider-Man.
Bruce Wayne is born to a wealthy Gotham City business family. However, when his parents are murdered his life changes completely.
Wayne feels anger at their deaths and guilty that he did not prevent them. He travels around the world learning how to fight. Upon returning to Gotham, he creates a disguise (偽裝) to enable him to fight crime without being recognized.
A childhood fear of bats leads him to choose to dress as one. His idea is that through the bat persona (角色) he can prove to himself that he has overcome his childhood fears.
Wayne is the CEO of the company he inherits (繼承) from his father. He seems to live the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy. But this is a ruse (計策). He works hard at the image to allow himself the freedom he needs to do his work as a crime fighter. "Bruce Wayne, playboy" is the disguise; Batman is the real person.
"Wayne is not a born superhero. Instead, he is a real, complex person," said Dace Golder, editor of the website. "He is the most realistic of all the superheroes. I am particularly interested in the emotional process by which a boy becomes a hero. His superhero qualities come from within."
61. What is the article mainly about?
A. How Bruce Wayne develops into a superhero.
B. How to overcome childhood fears.
C. What makes a superhero.
D. Why superheroes enjoy great popularity in Britain.
62. Batman differs from other superheroes in that .
A. he was not a born superhero
B. he had an unhappy childhood
C. he doesn't have any special powers
D. he does his best to fight crime
63. Bruce Wayne decides to dress like a bat because of .
A. his curiosity about bats
B. his childhood fear of bats
C. his parents' sudden death
D. his unusual travel experiences
64. Why does Wayne live like a playboy?
A. He prefers the lifestyle of a playboy.
B. He doesn't know how to run a company.
C. He loves freedom more than anything else.
D. He needs to disguise his crime fighting activities.
65. Which of the following statements is true about Batman?
A. Batman is a born superhero
B. He has special powers
C. The turning point of his life is due to his parents' sudden death
D. He actually lives the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
(山東省青島市2010屆高三上學期期中考試)
C
History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery. A striking example is provided by Dr. Otto Loewi, a pharmacologist (藥理學家) and winner of a Nobel Prize. Loewi had spent years studying the chemical transmission (傳送) of nerve impulses (脈搏). A major breakthrough in his research came when he dreamed of an experiment three nights in a row. The first two nights he woke up and wrote down the experiment quickly and untidily on paper. But the next morning, he couldn't tell what the notes meant. On the third night, he got up after having the dream. This time, instead of making notes he went straight to his laboratory and performed the important experiment. Loewi later said that if the experiment had occurred to him while awake he would not have given it another thought.
Loewi's experiment gives some insight into using dreams to produce creative solutions. Nervous feelings are reduced during dreaming, which may be especially useful in solving problems that require a fresh point of view.
Being able to take advantage of dreams for solving is improved if you "set" yourself before retiring. Before you go to bed, try to think intently about a problem you wish to solve. Bury yourself in the problem by stating it clearly and reviewing all relevant information. Then use the suggestions listed in the previous section to catch your dreams. Although this method is not guaranteed to produce an original solution or a new insight, it is certain to be an adventure. About half of a group of college students using the method for a week recalled a dream that helped them solve a personal problem.
66. Through Loewi's experiment, the author tries to prove that .
A. very little is really known about the meaning of dreams
B. it is possible to "catch" one's dreams by planning before going to sleep
C. dreams can be useful in producing creative solutions to one's problems
D. it helped in the study of transmission of nerve impulses
67. The first paragraph is mainly organized by .
A. classifying types of experiments
B. summarizing the work of one researcher
C. comparing and exploring historical cases
D. telling in time order about one man's research
68. If Loewi had thought of the experiment while awake, he would have .
A. asked someone else to do it B. thought it was a bad idea
C. tried it out on his own D. thought it was a wise idea
69. The author probably thinks that .
A. Loewi should not have conducted his experiment
B. dreaming is of very little value to most people
C. nervous feelings may stop someone thinking of useful ideas
D. college students should not try out dream experiments
70. According to the passage, the author seems to be in favor of .
A. seeking creative solutions B. avoiding scientific experiments
C. nervous feelings before dreams D. becoming a famous scientist
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