【2011·遼寧錦州市質檢三】
D
A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease. Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.
Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.
University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.
Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.
The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.
The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.
Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.
The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.
68. What is TRUE about the Framingham Study?
A. It was only conducted in 1948.
B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.
C. It was led by John Cacioppo.
D. It showed that any behavior could spread.
69. Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?
A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.
B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.
C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.
D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.
70. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Actions should be taken to help lonely people.
B. People feel lonely for many reasons.
C. Ways to fight against loneliness.
D. Lonely people can affect others.
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
【2011·遼寧錦州市質檢三】
完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Jerry is a restaurant manager who is always in a good mood and always has something positive to say.
One day I went up to Jerry and asked him, “I don’t get 36 ! You can’t be a 37 person all of the time. How do you do it?” Jerry replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself you have two 38 today. You can choose to be in a good mood 39 you can choose to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good mood. It’s your choice 40 you live life.”
Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never 41 to do in the restaurant business…. He 42 the back door open one morning and was held up at 43 point by three armed robbers. He was shot by them while trying to fight back. 44 , Jerry was found relatively quickly and 45 to the local trauma(外傷) center. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, Jerry was released 46 the hospital with fragments of the bullets 47 in his body.
I saw Jerry about six months after the 48 . Jerry told me something happening in the ER( 急診室). He said, “… the paramedics were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they wheeled me into the ER and I saw the 49 on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really 50 . In their eyes, I 51 ‘he’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take 52 .” “What did you do?’ I asked. “Well, there was a nurse shouting questions at me,” said Jerry. “She asked 53 I was allergic to anything. ‘Yes,’ I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply. I took a deep breath and yelled, ‘BULLETS!’ Over their 54 , I told them, ‘I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead’.” Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude. I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.
Attitude, 55 , is everything.
36. A. that B. those C. one D. it
37. A. brave B. good C. positive D. bad
38. A. causes B. choices C. things D. goals
39. A. and B. or C. but D. then
40. A. how B. what C. that D. when
41. A. supposed B. expected C. encouraged D. suggested
42. A. came B. left C. broke D. knocked
43. A. sword B. stick C. arrow D. gun
44. A. Hopefully B. Delightedly C. Luckily D. Disappointedly
45. A. pushed B. rushed C. stepped D. followed
46. A. to B. towards C. from D. down
47. A. even B. ever C. once D. still
48. A. trouble B. accident C. difficulty D. trick
49. A. expressions B. smiles C. cries D. tears
50. A. attracted B. touched C. scared D. warned
51. A. mix B. hope C. ask D. read
52. A. care B. action C. turns D. apart
53. A. what B. that C. if D. why
54. A. laughter B. disappointment C. excitement D. joy
55. A. after all B. at all C. in all D. for all
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
【2011·遼寧錦州市質檢二】A
I used to believe in the American dream that meant a job, credit, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us separately chasing the same thing.
One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell apart. I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I searched the countryside for some place I could rent for the cheapest possible amount. I came upon a deserted cottage in a small remote valley. I hadn’t been alone for 25 years. I was scared, but I hoped the hard work would distract and heal me.
I found the owner and rented the place for $50 a month. The locals knew nothing about me. But slowly they started teaching me the art of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets, tools and canned deer meat and began sticking around to chat. They would ask if I wanted to meet cousin Albie or go fishing. They started to teach me a belief in a different American dream, not the one of individual achievement but of neighborliness. Men would stop by with wild berries, ice cream, truck parts to see if I needed some. The women on that mountain worked harder than any I'd ever met. They taught me how to store food in the stream and keep it cold and safe. I learned to keep enough for an extra plate for company.
What I had believed in, all those things I thought were necessary for a civilized life, were non-existent in this place．Up on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my relationships with my neighbors．
After four years in that valley, I moved back into town. I saw a lot of people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes. With the help of a real estate broker(房地產經紀人) I chatted up at the grocery store, I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people. It’s four of us now, but over time I've had nine come in and move on to other places from here. We’d all be in shelters if we hadn't banded together.
The American dream I believe in now is a shared one. It’s not so much about what I can get for myself; it’s about how we can all get by together.
56. Before a series of unhappy events happened, the writer ________.
A. had a well-paid job B. worked hard for his American dream
C. worked hard and liked to share D. felt hopeless about his American dream
57. What does the underlined sentence “I learned to．．．” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. The writer learned to run a company.
B. The writer learned to share with others.
C. The writer learned to keep enough plates.
D. The writer learned to save money for his company.
58. Why did the writer rent a big house?
A. To make some money. B. To show off his wealth.
C. To share with those people in need. D. To make friends with his neighbors.
59. The writer mainly tells us about ________．
A. his unhappy experiences B. the friendly people in the valley
C. the change of his living conditions D. his new idea of the American dream
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
【2011·遼寧錦州市質檢二】D
Malaria, the world’s most widespread parasitic (寄生蟲引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can’t) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn’t kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
67. According to paragraph 1, many people don’t seek care because ________.
A. they are too poor
B. it is unusual to seek care
C. they can remain unaffected for long
D. there are too many people suffering from the disease
68. People suffering from malaria ________.
A. have to kill female mosquitoes B. have ability to defend parasites
C. have their red blood cells infected D. have sudden fever, followed by chills
69. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?
A. Its resistance to global warming.
B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.
D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
70. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
【2011·遼寧錦州市質檢三】 A
The drug store was closing for the night. Young Alfred Higgins, the stop-assistant, was ready to go home. Mr. Carr, the boss, stared at him and said: “Hold on, Alfred. Maybe you’d be good enough to take the things out of your pockets and leave them here before you go.” Alfred’s face got red. After a little hesitation, he took out what he had stolen. Mr. Carr said, “Maybe I should call your mother and let her know I’m going to have to put you in prison.”
Alfred thought his mother would come rushing in, eyes burning with anger. But, to his surprise, she arrived wearing a smile. “Hello, I’m Alfred’s mother. Is he in trouble?” she said. Mr. Carr was surprised, too. He had expected Alfred’s mother to come in nervously, shaking with fear, asking with wet eyes for a mercy for her son. But no, she was most calm, quiet and pleasant and was making Mr. Carr feel guilty…. Soon Mr. Carr was shaking his head in agreement with what she was saying. “Of course”, he said, “I don’t want to be cruel. You are right. Sometimes, a little good advice is the best thing for a boy at certain times in his life and it often takes the youths long time to get sense into their heads.” And he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.
Back home, without even looking at Alfred, she said, “You are a bad luck. It is one thing after another, always has been. Why do you stand there so stupidly? Go to bed.” In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. There was no shame in him, just pride in his mother’s strength. He felt he must tell her how great she was. As he got to the kitchen, he saw his mother drinking a cup of tea. He was shocked by what he saw. His mother’s face was a frightened, broken one. It was not the same cool, bright face he saw earlier in the drug store. As she lifted the tea cup, her hand shook. And some of the tea splashed on the table. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. He watched his mother without making a sound. The picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth coming to an end. He saw all the troubles he brought his mother in her shaking hand and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. It seemed to him that this was the first time he had ever really seen his mother.
56. The reason why Mr. Carr felt guilty was that ________.
A. Alfred’s mother appeared polite and gentle
B. he should have called a policeman in first
C. he found Alfred was in fact innocent
D. he thought he was partly responsible for it
57. Which of the following is probably said by Mrs. Higgins while talking to Mr. Carr?
A. “You know, it takes time for a youth to truly grow up.”
B. “I can’t believe it! You are treating my son like that!”
C. “Please, for God’s sake, you know, he is just a kid.”
D. “Punishment makes sense because it teaches about the law.”
58. What does the underlined phrase “his mother’s strength”(Para. 3) refer to?
A. Mrs. Higgins’s attitude towards parental sufferings.
B. Mrs. Higgins’s calmness and communicating skills.
C. Mrs. Higgins’s love and care for her son Alfred.
D. Mrs. Higgins’s greatness as a woman.
59. After the incident, young Alfred would probably ________.
A. feel ashamed of her mother B. learn to live an independent life
C. change his attitudes towards life D. hate Mr. Carr for hurting her mother
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