Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help?
Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理學家)are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional centre is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasio, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains , and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasia thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choice, which we use to help the present decision-making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation（動機），so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there is one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.
1. According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?
A. To think about happy times.
B. To make many decisions at a time.
C. To stop feeling regretful about the past.
D. To learn about the process of decision-making.
2. What does the underlined word “central” mean?
A. 中心的 B.中央的 C.起決定作用的 D.后悔的
3.Damasia’s study suggests that ________.
A. emotions are the enemy of decision making.
B. our brain has nothing to do with decision making.
C. people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds.
D. our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions.
4.Why are angry shoppers more likely to choose the first thing they are offered?
A. They often forget their past choices.
B. They make decisions without much thinking.
C. They tend to save time when shopping.
D. They are too angry to bargain.
5. What do we learn from the text?
A. Emotions are a part of decision-making.
B. Sad people always make worse choices.
C. No emotion seems to help us make good choices.
D. Only sad feeling affect our thinking and motivation.
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Miss Swan didn’t want to be a Sunday school teacher any longer. The were all rude and never listened to her. ”I can’t stay here .any longer. I give up.” She shouted at the students.” Cool. ”Rick said. He was the most impolite kid in this school.
Two months later, Miss Betty Ray came to the school .She looked young and thin. The students thought that she wouldn't’ stay very long.
Betty introduced herself, and when she was looking for something in her bag, all of the kids laughed. ”Have any of you ever been to another state?” She asked nicely .A few hands went to.” Has anyone traveled more than five hundred miles? ” One hand went up.” Has anyone visited another country? ”No hands went to , The teens were puzzle(遺憾).
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Day by day the student grew to love her. The more they liked her, the lovelier she became, Betty taught that Sunday school class for twenty years. Her hair turned gray. Every year she received letters from some student s. There was a doctor, a scientist a businessman and many teachers among them.
根據短文內容判斷正、誤。（正確的謝“A”，錯誤的寫“B”）
（ ）1.Three months ago Miss Swan was a teacher in Sunday school bur she didn't like the job because the students were rude.
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( ) 4.Day by day , the students liked Miss Betty and before Miss Betty they liked Swan , too.
( ) 5. The passage tells us students who had been taught by Miss Betty were all doctors , scientists , businessmen and teachers.
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