Question

Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help?
Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理學家)are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional centre is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains , and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasia thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choice, which we use to help the present decision-making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation（動機），so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there is one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.
小題1:According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?

A．To think about happy times.

B．To make many decisions at a time.

C．To stop feeling regretful about the past.

D．To learn about the process of decision-making.

小題2:What does the underlined word “central” mean?

A．中心的

B．中央的

C．起決定作用的

D．后悔的

小題3:Damasia’s study suggests that ________.

A．emotions are the enemy of decision making.

B．our brain has nothing to do with decision making.

C．people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds.

D．our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions.

小題4:Why are angry shoppers more likely to choose the first thing they are offered?

A．They often forget their past choices.

B．They make decisions without much thinking.

C．They tend to save time when shopping.

D．They are too angry to bargain.

小題5:What do we learn from the text?

A．Emotions are a part of decision-making.

B．Sad people always make worse choices.

C．No emotion seems to help us make good choices.

D．Only sad feeling affect our thinking and motivation.

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:B
小題5:A

試題分析：本文敘述了影響我們做決定的因素。心理學家認為心理思考的過程可能幫助我們做出更好的決定。研究表明人的大腦對要穿什么和吃什么不能做出基本的決定。情緒對做決定的影響只是一部分，但是在某種情緒的影響下做出的決定會影響結果，因此我們要避免在他們的影響下做出決定。
小題1:細節理解題。根據Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理學家)are finding may help us all make better choices.可知心理學家認為心理思考的過程可能幫助我們做出更好的決定。故選D。
小題2:詞義猜測題。根據Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing.可知我們的生活中充滿選擇，因此選擇是每個人生活的重要東西，是核心，故選B。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains , and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat.可知Damasia的研究表明人的大腦對要穿什么和吃什么不能做出基本的決定。故選B。
小題4:細節理解題。根據It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.可知憤怒使我們不會思考很多就很快作出決定，故選B。
小題5:細節理解題。根據You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they are a part of it.可知情緒對做決定的影響只是一部分。故選A。