閱讀理解
In recent years advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past . New medicines and machines are developing every day to extend life. However, some people , including some doctors, are not in favor of these life extending measures, and they say that people should have the right（權利）to die when they want. They say that the quality of life is as important as life itself, and that people should not be forced to go on living when conditions of life have become unbearable . They say that people should be allowed to die with dignity（尊嚴）and to decide when they want to die. Others don’t agree and say that life under any conditions is better than death and that the duty of doctors is always to extend life as long as possible. And so the battle goes on and on without a definite （明確的）answer.
【小題1】The best title for this passage is ______________.
| A．The Right to Live | B．The Right to Die |
| C．The Doctor’s Duty | D．Life Is Better than Death |
| A．medical technology develops | B．we have big hospitals |
| C．there are many good doctors | D．both B and C |
| A．the doctors | B．the surroundings |
| C．his or his family | D．the patient himself or herself |
| A．death is better than life | B．life is better than death |
| C．neither life nor death is good | D．none of the above |
| A．the doctors are not good | B．the conditions are bad |
| C．life is too hard | D．they are seriously ill |
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】D
【小題5】D
解析試題分析：
【小題1】細節理解題，根據對文中語句they say that people should have the right（權利）to die when they want的理解，可知隨著人們生活的提高以及醫療條件的改善，壽命延長了，但是人們也有死的權利，故選B
【小題2】細節理解題，根據短文第二段第一句In recent years advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past的理解，可知醫療條件的改善是人壽命延長的原因，故選A
【小題3】細節理解題,根據對短文They say that people should be allowed to die with dignity（尊嚴）and to decide when they want to die.的理解可知，能否決定病人的死亡要由病人自己來決定
【小題4】細節理解題,根據文中語句And so the battle goes on and on without a definite （明確的）answer. 的理解，可知到目前為止這個話題的討論還沒有結果，故選D
【小題5】細節理解題,通過對短文They say that the quality of life is as important as life itself, and that people should not be forced to go on living when conditions of life have become unbearable的理解可知，病人決定死亡，是由于病情很嚴重到了無法忍受的程度
考點：本文主要考查學生的閱讀理解能力，及綜合判斷能力
點評：該短文主要介紹了當今社會隨著生活及醫療條件的改善，人們的壽命延長了，但是有些人在生活不能自理的情況下有權利選擇死亡，這要由他們自己來決定，對于這個問題，眾說紛紜，當然延長生命是醫生的責任
亮點激活精編提優100分大試卷系列答案科目：初中英語 來源：2012屆江蘇省南京市鼓樓區初三中考二模英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to their radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around. Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains.
Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of a pressure drop in many ways. For example, some birds become irritable(暴躁) and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread. Other birds chirp and sing just before a storm. It seems they know they won’t get another chance for an hour or two. Birds also look for safe places before a storm. You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre-storm low pressure make the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying.
It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction, they may be flying ahead of a storm.
By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature, we can become better prepared for any kind of weather.
【小題1】The word “indicators” in paragraph 1 probably means .
| A．maps | B．services | C．signs | D．stations |
| A．By feeling a drop in air temperature. |
| B．By noticing the change of wind directions. |
| C．By feeling a drop in air pressure. |
| D．By noticing the movements of other animals. |
| A．Signs of a Storm | B．Drops in Air Pressure |
| C．Animals’ Sharp Senses | D．Nature’s Weather Signs |
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Germs(細菌) are everywhere. You can’t see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air!
Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu.
Warmer Weather Brings Germs
The world’s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes(蚊子), carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches(頭疼), fever, and can even kill people.
Under Your Skin
Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too, they enter(進入) your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouse.
Fighting Germs
Your immune system(免疫系統) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells(細胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs.
What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap(肥皂) and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.
【小題1】According to the text, insects ___________.
| A．kill germs | B．carry germs |
| C．protect germs | D．love germs |
| A．cooler countries | B．hot countries |
| C．everywhere | D．the world |
| A．They kill germs and wash them away. |
| B．They find and develop germs. |
| C．They help protect us from germs. |
| D．They carry dangerous germs. |
| A．Germs Are Everywhere |
| B．Weather Is Changing |
| C．Skin Stops Germs |
| D．Germs Are Developed |
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We live in the computer age. People use computers to do much of their work. But few people know how to look after them. Remember the following when you use your computer:
① Keep your computer in a cool ,dry room. Too much or too little heat is bad for computers. Damp (潮濕) is also bad for them.
② Do not let people smoke near your computer. Smoke of all kinds is very bad for many parts of a computer.
③ Do not eat or drink when you are near your computer. Pieces of food and a little water in the keyboard are also bad for a computer.
【小題1】Computers can ____ people to do a lot of work.
A. help B. make C. use
【小題2】Few people know how to_____ their computers.
A. look for B. take care of C. look at
【小題3】A computer works well at a temperature of _____.
A. 0℃ B. 35℃ C. 20℃
【小題4】Is smoking good or bad for many parts of a computer?
A. good B. bad C. I don’t know.
【小題5】A dirty screen or a very bright screen is ______ for your eyes.
A. helpful B. good C. bad
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A plant makes its own food in its leaves . Water comes to the leaves through the roots . Air gets into the leaves through very small holes . The green coloring in the leaves uses the water and air to make the food for the plant . It also needs sunshine because a plant can make food only when the sun is shining.
Animals and people could not live without green plants . They both eat plants . People and some animals also eat the meat of some animals and these animals eat plants
【小題1】A plant gets food from________
| A．the sun | B．its leaves | C．its roots | D．the air |
| A．Sunshine ,water ,air and the roots |
| B．Air ,sunshine and water |
| C．Water ,air and meat |
| D．Water ,sunshine and animals |
| A．air | B．water | C．sunshine | D．green coloring |
| A．cloudy | B．rainy | C．sunny | D．windy |
| A．animals | B．meat | C．plants | D．leaves |
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About ten men in every hundred have the trouble of color blindness in some way. Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred is affected（感染）in this matter. Perhaps, after all ,it is safer to be driven by a woman.
There are different kinds of color blindness. For example, a man cannot see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades (影子) of green. Sometimes a person can’t tell the difference between blue and green. Only a few unlucky men may see everything in shades of green— a strange world indeed.
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Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes(蚊子) like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects, but a blue light will. Human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the help of the cones in our eyes, we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the help of the rods we can see shapes at night.
【小題1】“Color blindness” means in Chinese.
A. 盲目 B. 無色 C 色盲 D 討厭顏色
【小題2】 Some people say it’s safer to be driven by women because .
| A．women drive more carefully |
| B．women are better at driving than men |
| C．women can see things more clearly |
| D．there are fewer color — blind women |
| A．tell different shapes | B．kill insets |
| C．see in the dark | D．tell orange from yellow |
| A．red | B．yellow | C．blue | D．green |
| A．None of men can see deep red. |
| B．Not all of men have the same problem in recognizing colors. |
| C．None of men can tell the difference between blue and green. |
| D．All of men see everything in shades of green. |
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Canada geese are large blue and white birds .When autumn arrives ,they have to fly south where the weather is warmer .The winters are so cold in Canada that the birds will die if they stay there .
Last spring ,Bill Lishman found sixteen young Canada geese on his farm “They had lost their parents , ”Bill thought . “These young birds won’t know what to do in the autumn .
Bill had a small plane and he decided to teach the birds to follow him .All through the summer ,he went on short trips in his plane and the young geese flew after him .”
When the cold weather arrived in autumn ,Bill flew to Virginia in the United States ,600 miles south from his home in Canada .The geese follwed him all the way .Bill flew to Virginia and returned home .
This spring ,Bill was waiting for the birds to come back .They didn’t arrive ,so Bill flew to Virginia to get them .He looked for them for two weeks but he couldn’t find them .
When he arrived back home ,Bill found the geese waiting for him .Then had found the way home without him !
【小題1】 Canda geese have to flly south______.
| A．in spring | B．before autumn |
| C．in the winter | D．after summer |
| A．were well trained |
| B．went on trips in Bill’s plane |
| C．liked Bill |
| D．lost their parents |
| A．it’s warmer there |
| B．it’s 600 miles away from his home |
| C．he wanted the birds to fly after him |
| D．it’s a beautiful place in the United States |
| A．in Bill’s plane | B．by themselves |
| C．in the winter | D．in the autumn |
| A．likes the birds very much | B．in an American bird-lover |
| C．stayed in Virginia with the birds | D．taught the birds to fly |
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June 5 is World Environment Day.This makes us pay more attention to our environment and the need to protect it.
When Wang Baoxuan,a Beijing high school boy,finishes his exercise books,he does not throw them away.He puts them in the big box in the corner of his classroom.Other students do so.Then the exercise books are sold to a paper-factory in Beijing.The paper is collected and used again by students and teachers in the school.At the same time,the money made from selling the paper goes towards schools in Inner Mongolia for planting trees and grass.During spring time,the sandstorms often attack here.
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Vice-premier Zeng Peiyan has written a letter to the teachers and students to encourage them to go on taking part in the environmental protection.
【小題1】What do Wang Baoxuan and his schoolmates do with the waste exercise books?
| A．Throw them away |
| B．Collect and sell them |
| C．Cut them into pieces |
| D．Give them to the students in Inner Mongolia |
| A．Buying new exercise books | B．Helping poor students |
| C．Planting trees and grass | D．Being their pocket money |
| A．Many years later,students will have no exercise books to use. |
| B．Many years later,there will be no waste paper. |
| C．Many years later,the sandstorms will be weaker in Beijing. |
| D．Many years later,Beijing will be much dirtier. |
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As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins（企鵝）may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins have decreased(減少) by 30% since 1987.
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【小題1】Penguins ___________.
| A．can swim better than fly | B．can be found near Oceania (大洋洲) |
| C．eat fish only冬臘月 | D．live only in cold waters. |
| A．Oil searching. | B．Widespread fishing. |
| C．Human's killing. | D．Warming of the oceans. |
| A．Because people removed the ship. |
| B．Because people sent a lot of penguins to the wild. |
| C．Because people helped the penguins. |
| D．Because people treated the penguins well. |
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